Electrosurgical systems with integrated and external power sources

ABSTRACT

A surgical system comprising a generator and a surgical instrument configured to receive power from the generator is disclosed. The surgical instrument comprises a housing, a shaft defining a longitudinal axis, an end effector, and an internal charge accumulator. The housing comprises a motor. The end effector is operably responsive to actuations from the electric motor, transitionable between an open and closed configuration, and rotatable about an articulation axis transverse to the longitudinal axis. The generator is incapable of supplying a sufficient power directly to the motor to perform the actuations. The internal charge accumulator is in electric communication with the generator and supplies power to the motor. The internal charge accumulator is chargeable by the generator to a threshold value at a charge rate dependent on a charge level of the internal charge accumulator. The charge rate is independent of a charge expenditure by the surgical instrument.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This non-provisional application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/955,299, entitled DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR ELECTROSURGERY, filed Dec. 30, 2019, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to surgical instruments designed to treat tissue, including but not limited to surgical instruments that are configured to cut and fasten tissue. The surgical instruments may include electrosurgical instruments powered by generators to effect tissue dissecting, cutting, and/or coagulation during surgical procedures. The surgical instruments may include instruments that are configured to cut and staple tissue using surgical staples and/or fasteners. The surgical instruments may be configured for use in open surgical procedures, but have applications in other types of surgery, such as laparoscopic, endoscopic, and robotic-assisted procedures and may include end effectors that are articulatable relative to a shaft portion of the instrument to facilitate precise positioning within a patient.

SUMMARY

In various embodiments, a surgical system comprising a generator and a surgical instrument configured to receive power from the generator is disclosed. The surgical instrument comprises a housing, a shaft extending form the housing, an end effector extending from the shaft, and an internal charge accumulator in electrical communication with the generator. The housing comprises an electric motor. The shaft defines a longitudinal shaft axis. The end effector is operably responsive to actuations from the electric motor. The end effector is transitionable between an open configuration and a closed configuration. The end effector is rotatable relative to the longitudinal shaft axis about an articulation axis that is transverse to the longitudinal shaft axis. The generator is incapable of supplying a sufficient power directly to the electric motor to cause the electric motor to perform the actuations. The internal charge accumulator is configured to supply power to the electric motor. The internal charge accumulator is chargeable by the generator to a threshold value at a charge rate dependent on a charge level of the internal charge accumulator. The charge rate is independent of a charge expenditure by the surgical instrument.

In various embodiments, a surgical system comprising a power source and a surgical instrument configured to receive power from the power source is disclosed. The surgical instrument comprises a housing, a shaft extending from the housing, an end effector extending from the shaft, and an internal charge accumulator. The housing comprises an electric motor. The end effector is operably coupled to the electric motor. The electric motor is configured to drive the end effector to perform end effector functions. The internal charge accumulator is in electric communication with the power source. The internal charge accumulator is configured to supply power to the electric motor. The internal charge accumulator is chargeable by the power source to a threshold value at a charge rate dependent on a charge level of the internal charge accumulator. The internal charge accumulator is chargeable by the power source while the electric motor is driving the end effector to perform the end effector functions.

In various embodiments, a surgical instrument comprising a housing, a shaft extending from the housing, an end effector extending from the shaft, and a power supply is disclosed. The housing comprises an electric motor and an internal charge accumulator connected to the electric motor. The electric motor is configured to cause the end effector to perform end effector functions. The power supply assembly is connectable to two separate power sources. The power supply assembly is configured to separately receive a first power and a second power from the power sources. The power supply assembly is configured to route the second power to the internal charge accumulator. The power supply assembly is configured to route the first power to the electric motor and to the internal charge accumulator. The power supply assembly is configured to cause the electric motor to be simultaneously powered by the internal charge accumulator and the first power.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The novel features of the various aspects are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The described aspects, however, both as to organization and methods of operation, may be best understood by reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a generator for use with a surgical system, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates one form of a surgical system comprising a generator and an electrosurgical instrument usable therewith, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a surgical instrument or tool, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of an end effector for use with an electrosurgical instrument in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the end effector of FIG. 4 in a closed configuration;

FIG. 6 is a plan view of one of the jaws of the end effector of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of another one of the jaws of the end effector of FIG. 4;

FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of an end effector for use with an electrosurgical instrument in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is an end view of the end effector of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of one of the jaws of the end effector of FIG. 8;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional end view of an end effector for use with an electrosurgical instrument in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional end view of an end effector for use with an electrosurgical instrument in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional end view of an end effector for use with an electrosurgical instrument in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional end view of an end effector for use with an electrosurgical instrument in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional end view of an end effector for use with an electrosurgical instrument in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 16 is a cross sectional end view of an end effector for use with an electrosurgical instrument in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional end view of an end effector for use with an electrosurgical instrument in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional end view of an end effector for use with an electrosurgical instrument in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 19 is a graph illustrating a power scheme for coagulating and cutting a tissue treatment region in a treatment cycle applied by an end effector, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a surgical instrument comprising a flexible wiring assembly in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 21 is a partial side elevational of the flexible wiring assembly of FIG. 20 in a relaxed configuration;

FIG. 22 is a partial side elevational view of the flexible wiring assembly of FIG. 20 in a stretched configuration;

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a wiring harness and an inductive sensor for use with a surgical instrument in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a flexible wiring harness and an inductive sensor for use with a surgical instrument in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 25 is an enlarged view of portion of the flexible wiring harness of FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a surgical instrument comprising a manual toggle member in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 27 is an end cross-sectional view of the manual toggle of FIG. 26 illustrating the manual toggle member in a rotated position;

FIG. 28 is an end cross-sectional view of the manual toggle member of FIG. 27 in a centered position;

FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of the surgical instrument of FIG. 26;

FIG. 30 is a perspective exploded view of the surgical instrument of FIG. 26 illustrating the manual toggle member and an elongate shaft;

FIG. 31 is a plan view of the elongate shaft of FIG. 30 illustrating the position of the elongate shaft when the manual rocker member is in a centered position;

FIG. 32 is a plan view of the elongate shaft of FIG. 30 illustrating the position of the elongate shaft when the manual toggle member is rotated counter clockwise;

FIG. 33 is a plan view of the elongate shaft of FIG. 30 illustrating the position of the elongate shaft when the manual toggle member is rotated clockwise;

FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram of a surgical system in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 35 is a graph of the battery recharge rate, battery charge percentage, power draw, and motor velocity of the surgical system of FIG. 34 over time;

FIG. 36 is a side view of a surgical system including a surgical instrument, a monopolar power generator, and a bipolar power generator in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 37 is a schematic of the battery charge percentage and motor torque of multiple surgical instrument systems over time in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. patent applications that were filed on even date herewith and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

-   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP1/190717-1M, entitled METHOD FOR AN     ELECTROSURGICAL PROCEDURE; -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP2/190717-2, entitled ARTICULATABLE     SURGICAL INSTRUMENT; -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP3/190717-3, entitled SURGICAL     INSTRUMENT WITH JAW ALIGNMENT FEATURES; -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP4/190717-4, entitled SURGICAL     INSTRUMENT WITH ROTATABLE AND ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL END EFFECTOR; -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP5/190717-5, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL     INSTRUMENT WITH ASYNCHRONOUS ENERGIZING ELECTRODES; -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP6/190717-6, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL     INSTRUMENT WITH ELECTRODES BIASING SUPPORT; -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP7/190717-7, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL     INSTRUMENT WITH FLEXIBLE WIRING ASSEMBLIES; -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP8/190717-8, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL     INSTRUMENT WITH VARIABLE CONTROL MECHANISMS; -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP10/190717-10, entitled     ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ELECTRODES HAVING ENERGY FOCUSING     FEATURES; -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP11/190717-11, entitled     ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ELECTRODES HAVING VARIABLE ENERGY     DENSITIES; -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP12/190717-12, entitled     ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MONOPOLAR AND BIPOLAR ENERGY     CAPABILITIES; -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP13/190717-13, entitled     ELECTROSURGICAL END EFFECTORS WITH THERMALLY INSULATIVE AND     THERMALLY CONDUCTIVE PORTIONS; -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP14/190717-14, entitled     ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH ELECTRODES OPERABLE IN BIPOLAR AND     MONOPOLAR MODES; -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP15/190717-15, entitled     ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENT FOR DELIVERING BLENDED ENERGY MODALITIES     TO TISSUE; -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP16/190717-16, entitled CONTROL     PROGRAM ADAPTATION BASED ON DEVICE STATUS AND USER INPUT; -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP17/190717-17, entitled CONTROL     PROGRAM FOR MODULAR COMBINATION ENERGY DEVICE; and -   Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP18/190717-18, entitled SURGICAL     SYSTEM COMMUNICATION PATHWAYS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Provisional patent applications that were filed on Dec. 30, 2019, the disclosure of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/955,294, entitled     USER INTERFACE FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH COMBINATION ENERGY     MODALITY END-EFFECTOR; -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/955,292, entitled     COMBINATION ENERGY MODALITY END-EFFECTOR; and -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/955,306, entitled     SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. patent applications, the disclosure of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,395, titled METHOD OF HUB     COMMUNICATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.     2019/0201136; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,403, titled METHOD OF CLOUD     BASED DATA ANALYTICS FOR USE WITH THE HUB, now U.S. Patent     Application Publication No. 2019/0206569; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,407, titled METHOD OF     ROBOTIC HUB COMMUNICATION, DETECTION, AND CONTROL, now U.S. Patent     Application Publication No. 2019/0201137; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,416, titled METHOD OF HUB     COMMUNICATION, PROCESSING, DISPLAY, AND CLOUD ANALYTICS, now U.S.     Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0206562; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,423, titled METHOD OF     COMPRESSING TISSUE WITHIN A STAPLING DEVICE AND SIMULTANEOUSLY     DISPLAYING THE LOCATION OF THE TISSUE WITHIN THE JAWS, now U.S.     Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0200981; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,427, titled METHOD OF USING     REINFORCED FLEXIBLE CIRCUITS WITH MULTIPLE SENSORS TO OPTIMIZE     PERFORMANCE OF RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES, now U.S. Patent Application     Publication No. 2019/0208641; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,433, titled METHOD OF     SENSING PARTICULATE FROM SMOKE EVACUATED FROM A PATIENT, ADJUSTING     THE PUMP SPEED BASED ON THE SENSED INFORMATION, AND COMMUNICATING     THE FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE SYSTEM TO THE HUB, now U.S. Patent     Application Publication No. 2019/0201594; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,447, titled METHOD FOR SMOKE     EVACUATION FOR SURGICAL HUB, now U.S. Patent Application Publication     No. 2019/0201045; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,453, titled METHOD FOR     CONTROLLING SMART ENERGY DEVICES, now U.S. Patent Application     Publication No. 2019/0201046; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,458, titled METHOD FOR SMART     ENERGY DEVICE INFRASTRUCTURE, now U.S. Patent Application     Publication No. 2019/0201047; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,465, titled METHOD FOR     ADAPTIVE CONTROL SCHEMES FOR SURGICAL NETWORK CONTROL AND     INTERACTION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.     2019/0206563; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,478, titled METHOD FOR     SITUATIONAL AWARENESS FOR SURGICAL NETWORK OR SURGICAL NETWORK     CONNECTED DEVICE CAPABLE OF ADJUSTING FUNCTION BASED ON A SENSED     SITUATION OR USAGE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.     2019/0104919; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,490, titled METHOD FOR     FACILITY DATA COLLECTION AND INTERPRETATION, now U.S. Patent     Application Publication No. 2019/0206564; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,491, titled METHOD FOR     CIRCULAR STAPLER CONTROL ALGORITHM ADJUSTMENT BASED ON SITUATIONAL     AWARENESS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0200998; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/562,123, titled METHOD FOR     CONSTRUCTING AND USING A MODULAR SURGICAL ENERGY SYSTEM WITH     MULTIPLE DEVICES; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/562,135, titled METHOD FOR     CONTROLLING AN ENERGY MODULE OUTPUT; -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/562,144, titled METHOD FOR     CONTROLLING A MODULAR ENERGY SYSTEM USER INTERFACE; and -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/562,125, titled METHOD FOR     COMMUNICATING BETWEEN MODULES AND DEVICES IN A MODULAR SURGICAL     SYSTEM.

Before explaining various aspects of an electrosurgical system in detail, it should be noted that the illustrative examples are not limited in application or use to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings and description. The illustrative examples may be implemented or incorporated in other aspects, variations, and modifications, and may be practiced or carried out in various ways. Further, unless otherwise indicated, the terms and expressions employed herein have been chosen for the purpose of describing the illustrative examples for the convenience of the reader and are not for the purpose of limitation thereof. Also, it will be appreciated that one or more of the following-described aspects, expressions of aspects, and/or examples, can be combined with any one or more of the other following-described aspects, expressions of aspects, and/or examples.

Various aspects are directed to electrosurgical systems that include electrosurgical instruments powered by generators to effect tissue dissecting, cutting, and/or coagulation during surgical procedures. The electrosurgical instruments may be configured for use in open surgical procedures, but has applications in other types of surgery, such as laparoscopic, endoscopic, and robotic-assisted procedures.

As described below in greater detail, an electrosurgical instrument generally includes a shaft having a distally-mounted end effector (e.g., one or more electrodes). The end effector can be positioned against the tissue such that electrical current is introduced into the tissue. Electrosurgical instruments can be configured for bipolar or monopolar operation. During bipolar operation, current is introduced into and returned from the tissue by active and return electrodes, respectively, of the end effector. During monopolar operation, current is introduced into the tissue by an active electrode of the end effector and returned through a return electrode (e.g., a grounding pad) separately located on a patient's body. Heat generated by the current flowing through the tissue may form hemostatic seals within the tissue and/or between tissues and thus may be particularly useful for sealing blood vessels, for example.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a generator 900 configured to deliver multiple energy modalities to a surgical instrument. The generator 900 provides RF and/or ultrasonic signals for delivering energy to a surgical instrument. The generator 900 comprises at least one generator output that can deliver multiple energy modalities (e.g., ultrasonic, bipolar or monopolar RF, irreversible and/or reversible electroporation, and/or microwave energy, among others) through a single port, and these signals can be delivered separately or simultaneously to an end effector to treat tissue. The generator 900 comprises a processor 902 coupled to a waveform generator 904. The processor 902 and waveform generator 904 are configured to generate a variety of signal waveforms based on information stored in a memory coupled to the processor 902, not shown for clarity of disclosure. The digital information associated with a waveform is provided to the waveform generator 904 which includes one or more DAC circuits to convert the digital input into an analog output. The analog output is fed to an amplifier 906 for signal conditioning and amplification. The conditioned and amplified output of the amplifier 906 is coupled to a power transformer 908. The signals are coupled across the power transformer 908 to the secondary side, which is in the patient isolation side. A first signal of a first energy modality is provided to the surgical instrument between the terminals labeled ENERGY₁ and RETURN. A second signal of a second energy modality is coupled across a capacitor 910 and is provided to the surgical instrument between the terminals labeled ENERGY₂ and RETURN. It will be appreciated that more than two energy modalities may be output and thus the subscript “n” may be used to designate that up to n ENERGY_(n) terminals may be provided, where n is a positive integer greater than 1. It also will be appreciated that up to “n” return paths RETURN_(n) may be provided without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

A first voltage sensing circuit 912 is coupled across the terminals labeled ENERGY₁ and the RETURN path to measure the output voltage therebetween. A second voltage sensing circuit 924 is coupled across the terminals labeled ENERGY₂ and the RETURN path to measure the output voltage therebetween. A current sensing circuit 914 is disposed in series with the RETURN leg of the secondary side of the power transformer 908 as shown to measure the output current for either energy modality. If different return paths are provided for each energy modality, then a separate current sensing circuit should be provided in each return leg. The outputs of the first and second voltage sensing circuits 912, 924 are provided to respective isolation transformers 928, 922 and the output of the current sensing circuit 914 is provided to another isolation transformer 916. The outputs of the isolation transformers 916, 928, 922 on the primary side of the power transformer 908 (non-patient isolated side) are provided to a one or more ADC circuit 926. The digitized output of the ADC circuit 926 is provided to the processor 902 for further processing and computation. The output voltages and output current feedback information can be employed to adjust the output voltage and current provided to the surgical instrument and to compute output impedance, among other parameters. Input/output communications between the processor 902 and patient isolated circuits is provided through an interface circuit 920. Sensors also may be in electrical communication with the processor 902 by way of the interface circuit 920.

In one aspect, the impedance may be determined by the processor 902 by dividing the output of either the first voltage sensing circuit 912 coupled across the terminals labeled ENERGY₁/RETURN or the second voltage sensing circuit 924 coupled across the terminals labeled ENERGY₂/RETURN by the output of the current sensing circuit 914 disposed in series with the RETURN leg of the secondary side of the power transformer 908. The outputs of the first and second voltage sensing circuits 912, 924 are provided to separate isolations transformers 928, 922 and the output of the current sensing circuit 914 is provided to another isolation transformer 916. The digitized voltage and current sensing measurements from the ADC circuit 926 are provided the processor 902 for computing impedance. As an example, the first energy modality ENERGY₁ may be RF monopolar energy and the second energy modality ENERGY₂ may be RF bipolar energy. Nevertheless, in addition to bipolar and monopolar RF energy modalities, other energy modalities include ultrasonic energy, irreversible and/or reversible electroporation and/or microwave energy, among others. Also, although the example illustrated in FIG. 1 shows a single return path RETURN may be provided for two or more energy modalities, in other aspects, multiple return paths RETURN_(n) may be provided for each energy modality ENERGY_(n).

As shown in FIG. 1, the generator 900 comprising at least one output port can include a power transformer 908 with a single output and with multiple taps to provide power in the form of one or more energy modalities, such as ultrasonic, bipolar or monopolar RF, irreversible and/or reversible electroporation, and/or microwave energy, among others, for example, to the end effector depending on the type of treatment of tissue being performed. For example, the generator 900 can deliver energy with higher voltage and lower current to drive an ultrasonic transducer, with lower voltage and higher current to drive RF electrodes for sealing tissue, or with a coagulation waveform for spot coagulation using either monopolar or bipolar RF electrosurgical electrodes. The output waveform from the generator 900 can be steered, switched, or filtered to provide the frequency to the end effector of the surgical instrument. In one example, a connection of RF bipolar electrodes to the generator 900 output would be preferably located between the output labeled ENERGY₂ and RETURN. In the case of monopolar output, the preferred connections would be active electrode (e.g., pencil or other probe) to the ENERGY₂ output and a suitable return pad connected to the RETURN output.

Additional details are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0086914, titled TECHNIQUES FOR OPERATING GENERATOR FOR DIGITALLY GENERATING ELECTRICAL SIGNAL WAVEFORMS AND SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, which published on Mar. 30, 2017, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIG. 2 illustrates one form of a surgical system 1000 comprising a generator 1100 and various surgical instruments 1104, 1106, 1108 usable therewith, where the surgical instrument 1104 is an ultrasonic surgical instrument, the surgical instrument 1106 is an RF electrosurgical instrument, and the multifunction surgical instrument 1108 is a combination ultrasonic/RF electrosurgical instrument. The generator 1100 is configurable for use with a variety of surgical instruments. According to various forms, the generator 1100 may be configurable for use with different surgical instruments of different types including, for example, ultrasonic surgical instruments 1104, RF electrosurgical instruments 1106, and multifunction surgical instruments 1108 that integrate RF and ultrasonic energies delivered simultaneously from the generator 1100. Although in the form of FIG. 2 the generator 1100 is shown separate from the surgical instruments 1104, 1106, 1108 in one form, the generator 1100 may be formed integrally with any of the surgical instruments 1104, 1106, 1108 to form a unitary surgical system. The generator 1100 comprises an input device 1110 located on a front panel of the generator 1100 console. The input device 1110 may comprise any suitable device that generates signals suitable for programming the operation of the generator 1100. The generator 1100 may be configured for wired or wireless communication.

The generator 1100 is configured to drive multiple surgical instruments 1104, 1106, 1108. The first surgical instrument is an ultrasonic surgical instrument 1104 and comprises a handpiece 1105 (HP), an ultrasonic transducer 1120, a shaft 1126, and an end effector 1122. The end effector 1122 comprises an ultrasonic blade 1128 acoustically coupled to the ultrasonic transducer 1120 and a clamp arm 1140. The handpiece 1105 comprises a trigger 1143 to operate the clamp arm 1140 and a combination of the toggle buttons 1137, 1134 b, 1134 c to energize and drive the ultrasonic blade 1128 or other function. The toggle buttons 1137, 1134 b, 1134 c can be configured to energize the ultrasonic transducer 1120 with the generator 1100.

The generator 1100 also is configured to drive a second surgical instrument 1106. The second surgical instrument 1106 is an RF electrosurgical instrument and comprises a handpiece 1107 (HP), a shaft 1127, and an end effector 1124. The end effector 1124 comprises electrodes in clamp arms 1145, 1142 b and return through an electrical conductor portion of the shaft 1127. The electrodes are coupled to and energized by a bipolar energy source within the generator 1100. The handpiece 1107 comprises a trigger 1145 to operate the clamp arms 1145, 1142 b and an energy button 1135 to actuate an energy switch to energize the electrodes in the end effector 1124. The second surgical instrument 1106 can also be used with a return pad to deliver monopolar energy to tissue.

The generator 1100 also is configured to drive a multifunction surgical instrument 1108. The multifunction surgical instrument 1108 comprises a handpiece 1109 (HP), a shaft 1129, and an end effector 1125. The end effector 1125 comprises an ultrasonic blade 1149 and a clamp arm 1146. The ultrasonic blade 1149 is acoustically coupled to the ultrasonic transducer 1120. The handpiece 1109 comprises a trigger 1147 to operate the clamp arm 1146 and a combination of the toggle buttons 11310, 1137 b, 1137 c to energize and drive the ultrasonic blade 1149 or other function. The toggle buttons 11310, 1137 b, 1137 c can be configured to energize the ultrasonic transducer 1120 with the generator 1100 and energize the ultrasonic blade 1149 with a bipolar energy source also contained within the generator 1100. Monopolar energy can be delivered to the tissue in combination with, or separately from, the bipolar energy.

The generator 1100 is configurable for use with a variety of surgical instruments. According to various forms, the generator 1100 may be configurable for use with different surgical instruments of different types including, for example, the ultrasonic surgical instrument 1104, the RF electrosurgical instrument 1106, and the multifunction surgical instrument 1108 that integrates RF and ultrasonic energies delivered simultaneously from the generator 1100. Although in the form of FIG. 2, the generator 1100 is shown separate from the surgical instruments 1104, 1106, 1108, in another form the generator 1100 may be formed integrally with any one of the surgical instruments 1104, 1106, 1108 to form a unitary surgical system. As discussed above, the generator 1100 comprises an input device 1110 located on a front panel of the generator 1100 console. The input device 1110 may comprise any suitable device that generates signals suitable for programming the operation of the generator 1100. The generator 1100 also may comprise one or more output devices 1112. Further aspects of generators for digitally generating electrical signal waveforms and surgical instruments are described in US patent application publication US-2017-0086914-A1, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a surgical instrument or tool 600 comprising a plurality of motor assemblies that can be activated to perform various functions. In the illustrated example, a closure motor assembly 610 is operable to transition an end effector between an open configuration and a closed configuration, and an articulation motor assembly 620 is operable to articulate the end effector relative to a shaft assembly. In certain instances, the plurality of motors assemblies can be individually activated to cause firing, closure, and/or articulation motions in the end effector. The firing, closure, and/or articulation motions can be transmitted to the end effector through a shaft assembly, for example.

In certain instances, the closure motor assembly 610 includes a closure motor. The closure 603 may be operably coupled to a closure motor drive assembly 612 which can be configured to transmit closure motions, generated by the motor to the end effector, in particular to displace a closure member to close to transition the end effector to the closed configuration. The closure motions may cause the end effector to transition from an open configuration to a closed configuration to capture tissue, for example. The end effector may be transitioned to an open position by reversing the direction of the motor.

In certain instances, the articulation motor assembly 620 includes an articulation motor that be operably coupled to an articulation drive assembly 622 which can be configured to transmit articulation motions, generated by the motor to the end effector. In certain instances, the articulation motions may cause the end effector to articulate relative to the shaft, for example.

One or more of the motors of the surgical instrument 600 may comprise a torque sensor to measure the output torque on the shaft of the motor. The force on an end effector may be sensed in any conventional manner, such as by force sensors on the outer sides of the jaws or by a torque sensor for the motor actuating the jaws.

In various instances, the motor assemblies 610, 620 include one or more motor drivers that may comprise one or more H-Bridge FETs. The motor drivers may modulate the power transmitted from a power source 630 to a motor based on input from a microcontroller 640 (the “controller”), for example, of a control circuit 601. In certain instances, the microcontroller 640 can be employed to determine the current drawn by the motor, for example.

In certain instances, the microcontroller 640 may include a microprocessor 642 (the “processor”) and one or more non-transitory computer-readable mediums or memory units 644 (the “memory”). In certain instances, the memory 644 may store various program instructions, which when executed may cause the processor 642 to perform a plurality of functions and/or calculations described herein. In certain instances, one or more of the memory units 644 may be coupled to the processor 642, for example. In various aspects, the microcontroller 640 may communicate over a wired or wireless channel, or combinations thereof.

In certain instances, the power source 630 can be employed to supply power to the microcontroller 640, for example. In certain instances, the power source 630 may comprise a battery (or “battery pack” or “power pack”), such as a lithium-ion battery, for example. In certain instances, the battery pack may be configured to be releasably mounted to a handle for supplying power to the surgical instrument 600. A number of battery cells connected in series may be used as the power source 630. In certain instances, the power source 630 may be replaceable and/or rechargeable, for example.

In various instances, the processor 642 may control a motor driver to control the position, direction of rotation, and/or velocity of a motor of the assemblies 610, 620. In certain instances, the processor 642 can signal the motor driver to stop and/or disable the motor. It should be understood that the term “processor” as used herein includes any suitable microprocessor, microcontroller, or other basic computing device that incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on an integrated circuit or, at most, a few integrated circuits. The processor 642 is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output. It is an example of sequential digital logic, as it has internal memory. Processors operate on numbers and symbols represented in the binary numeral system.

In one instance, the processor 642 may be any single-core or multicore processor such as those known under the trade name ARM Cortex by Texas Instruments. In certain instances, the microcontroller 620 may be an LM 4F230H5QR, available from Texas Instruments, for example. In at least one example, the Texas Instruments LM4F230H5QR is an ARM Cortex-M4F Processor Core comprising an on-chip memory of 256 KB single-cycle flash memory, or other non-volatile memory, up to 40 MHz, a prefetch buffer to improve performance above 40 MHz, a 32 KB single-cycle SRAM, an internal ROM loaded with StellarisWare® software, a 2 KB EEPROM, one or more PWM modules, one or more QEI analogs, one or more 12-bit ADCs with 12 analog input channels, among other features that are readily available for the product datasheet. Other microcontrollers may be readily substituted for use with the surgical instrument 600. Accordingly, the present disclosure should not be limited in this context.

In certain instances, the memory 644 may include program instructions for controlling each of the motors of the surgical instrument 600. For example, the memory 644 may include program instructions for controlling the closure motor and the articulation motor. Such program instructions may cause the processor 642 to control the closure and articulation functions in accordance with inputs from algorithms or control programs of the surgical instrument 600.

In certain instances, one or more mechanisms and/or sensors such as, for example, sensors 645 can be employed to alert the processor 642 to the program instructions that should be used in a particular setting. For example, the sensors 645 may alert the processor 642 to use the program instructions associated with closing and articulating the end effector. In certain instances, the sensors 645 may comprise position sensors which can be employed to sense the position of a closure actuator, for example. Accordingly, the processor 642 may use the program instructions associated with closing the end effector to activate the motor of the closure drive assembly 620 if the processor 642 receives a signal from the sensors 630 indicative of actuation of the closure actuator.

In some examples, the motors may be brushless DC electric motors, and the respective motor drive signals may comprise a PWM signal provided to one or more stator windings of the motors. Also, in some examples, the motor drivers may be omitted and the control circuit 601 may generate the motor drive signals directly.

It is common practice during various laparoscopic surgical procedures to insert a surgical end effector portion of a surgical instrument through a trocar that has been installed in the abdominal wall of a patient to access a surgical site located inside the patient's abdomen. In its simplest form, a trocar is a pen-shaped instrument with a sharp triangular point at one end that is typically used inside a hollow tube, known as a cannula or sleeve, to create an opening into the body through which surgical end effectors may be introduced. Such arrangement forms an access port into the body cavity through which surgical end effectors may be inserted. The inner diameter of the trocar's cannula necessarily limits the size of the end effector and drive-supporting shaft of the surgical instrument that may be inserted through the trocar.

Regardless of the specific type of surgical procedure being performed, once the surgical end effector has been inserted into the patient through the trocar cannula, it is often necessary to move the surgical end effector relative to the shaft assembly that is positioned within the trocar cannula in order to properly position the surgical end effector relative to the tissue or organ to be treated. This movement or positioning of the surgical end effector relative to the portion of the shaft that remains within the trocar cannula is often referred to as “articulation” of the surgical end effector. A variety of articulation joints have been developed to attach a surgical end effector to an associated shaft in order to facilitate such articulation of the surgical end effector. As one might expect, in many surgical procedures, it is desirable to employ a surgical end effector that has as large a range of articulation as possible.

Due to the size constraints imposed by the size of the trocar cannula, the articulation joint components must be sized so as to be freely insertable through the trocar cannula. These size constraints also limit the size and composition of various drive members and components that operably interface with the motors and/or other control systems that are supported in a housing that may be handheld or comprise a portion of a larger automated system. In many instances, these drive members must operably pass through the articulation joint to be operably coupled to or operably interface with the surgical end effector. For example, one such drive member is commonly employed to apply articulation control motions to the surgical end effector. During use, the articulation drive member may be unactuated to position the surgical end effector in an unarticulated position to facilitate insertion of the surgical end effector through the trocar and then be actuated to articulate the surgical end effector to a desired position once the surgical end effector has entered the patient.

Thus, the aforementioned size constraints form many challenges to developing an articulation system that can effectuate a desired range of articulation, yet accommodate a variety of different drive systems that are necessary to operate various features of the surgical end effector. Further, once the surgical end effector has been positioned in a desired articulated position, the articulation system and articulation joint must be able to retain the surgical end effector in that position during the actuation of the end effector and completion of the surgical procedure. Such articulation joint arrangements must also be able to withstand external forces that are experienced by the end effector during use.

FIGS. 4-7 depict an electrosurgical instrument 30100 comprising a first jaw 30110, a second jaw 30120, and a monopolar wedge electrode 30130. The first jaw 30110 and the second jaw 30120 are movable between an open position and a closed position and are configured to grasp tissue T therebetween. Each of the first jaw 30110 and the second jaw 30120 comprises an electrode that is electrically coupled to a power generator. Example suitable power generators 900, 1100 are described above in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2. The power generator is configured to supply power to cause the electrodes of the first and second jaws 30110, 30120 to cooperatively deliver bipolar energy to the grasped tissue to seal, coagulate, and/or cauterize the tissue in a bipolar tissue-treatment cycle.

In use, the first jaw 30110 and the second jaw 30120 may deflect away from each other at their distal ends when the tissue T is grasped therebetween. When the tissue T is grasped, the tissue T exerts a force on the first jaw 30110 and the second jaw 30120 causing the jaws to deflect away from each other. More specifically, the gap B between the first jaw 30110 and the second jaw 30120 toward the distal end of the jaws may be greater than the gap A between the first jaw 30110 and the second jaw 30120 toward the proximal end of the jaws when tissue T is grasped between the first jaw 30110 and the second jaw 30120.

Further to the above, the end effector 30100 of the electrosurgical instrument 30100 further includes monopolar wedge electrode 30130 is electrically connected to the power generator (e.g. power generators 900, 1100) and configured to cut the tissue T positioned between the first jaw 30110 and the second jaw 30120 when energized by the power generator. In the illustrated embodiment, the monopolar wedge electrode 30130 is affixed to the second jaw 30120; however, other embodiments are envisioned where the monopolar wedge electrode 30130 is affixed to the first jaw 30110. The monopolar wedge electrode 30130 is thinner at its proximal end and thicker at its distal end (see FIG. 7) to compensate for the variable gap defined between the first jaw 30110 and the second jaw 30120. In other words, the monopolar wedge electrode 30130 comprises a wedge shape. As previously discussed, the variable gap defined between the jaws 30110, 30120 is due, at least in part, to the deflection of the jaws 30110, 30120 when tissue is grasped therebetween. In at least one embodiment, the monopolar wedge electrode 30130 comprises a compliant flex circuit substrate 30132. The compliant flex circuit substrate 30132 is configured to bend and/or flex longitudinally to compensate for the deflection of the first jaw 30110 and the second jaw 30120 when tissue is grasped between the first and second jaws 30110, 30120.

In various examples, the monopolar wedge electrode 30130 includes an electrically conductive member 30134 disposed centrally along a length of the compliant flex circuit substrate 30132. In the illustrated example, the electrically conductive member 30134 is disposed onto the compliant flex circuit substrate 30132 where at least a portion thereof is exposed through a top surface of the compliant flex circuit substrate 30132. In certain examples, portions of the electrically conductive member 30134 are exposed while other portions are covered by the compliant flex circuit substrate 30132.

In examples where the jaws 30110, 30120 comprise a curved shape, the monopolar wedge electrode 30130 extends longitudinally in a similar curved profile. Furthermore, the monopolar wedge electrode 30130 graduates from a larger width to a smaller width as it extends longitudinally. Accordingly, a first width of the monopolar wedge electrode 30130 near a proximal end thereof is greater than a second width near a distal end thereof, as illustrated in FIG. 6. In other examples, a first width of a monopolar wedge electrode near a proximal end thereof can be smaller than a second width near a distal end thereof.

In the illustrated example, the distal end of the electrically conductive member 30134 is proximal to the distal end of the compliant flex circuit substrate 30132, and the distal end of the compliant flex circuit substrate 30132 is proximal to the distal end of the jaw 30130. In other examples, however, the distal ends of the jaw 30130, the electrically conductive member 30134 and the compliant flex circuit substrate 30132 are united at one position.

FIGS. 8-10 depict an electrosurgical instrument 30200 comprising a first jaw 30210, a second jaw 30220, and a monopolar electrode 30230. The first jaw 30210 and the second jaw 30220 are movable between an open position and a closed position, wherein tissue is configured to be positioned therebetween. The first jaw 30210 and the second jaw 30220 are comprised of metal and can be coated with a dielectric material. In at least one embodiment, the first jaw 30210 and the second jaw 30220 are comprised of stainless steel and are coated with a shrink tube. In various aspects, the jaws 30210, 30220 define bipolar electrodes that are electrically isolated from the monopolar electrode 30230.

The first jaw 30210 comprises a first compliant member 30240 positioned around the first jaw 30210 and the second jaw 30220 comprises a second compliant member 30250 positioned around the second jaw 30220. The compliant members 30240, 30250 comprise a deformable dielectric material that is compressible to enhance contact with tissue when tissue is positioned between the first jaw 30210 and the second jaw 30220. In at least one embodiment, the compliant members 30240, 30250 comprise silicone and/or rubber.

Further to the above, the monopolar electrode 30230 is utilized to cut tissue positioned between the first jaw 30210 and the second jaw 30220 when the monopolar electrode 30230 is energized by a power generator (e.g. generators 1100, 900). The monopolar electrode 30230 comprises a wire that extends along the first jaw 30210 and into the first compliant member 30240. The monopolar electrode 30230 exits the first compliant member 20140 through a proximal opening 30242 in the first compliant member 30240, extends along the exterior of the first compliant member 30240, and then re-enters the first compliant member 20140 through a distal opening 30244 in the first compliant member 30240. This arrangement permits a central portion 30232 of the monopolar electrode 30230 to bend and/or flex when tissue is grasped between the first jaw 30210 and the second jaw 30220. Further, the central portion 30232 of the monopolar electrode 30230 is reinforced by the first compliant member 30240 along its length. Stated another way, the first compliant member 30240 applies a biasing force to the central portion 30232 of the monopolar electrode 30230 toward the second jaw 30220. The first compliant member 30240 increases the pressure exerted by the monopolar electrode 30230 on the tissue to improve the cutting ability of the monopolar electrode 30230 when the first jaw 30210 and the second jaw 30220 grasp tissue therebetween.

In various aspects, the monopolar electrode 30230 can be comprised of a metal such as, for example, stainless steel, titanium, or any other suitable metal. The exposed surface of the monopolar electrode 30230 can have a bare metal finish, or can be coated with a thin dielectric material such as, for example, PTFE. In various aspects, the coating can be skived to reveal a thin metal strip defining an electrically conductive surface.

FIG. 11 depicts a surgical instrument 30300 comprising a first jaw 30310, a second jaw 30320, and a monopolar electrode 30330. The first jaw 30310 and the second jaw 30320 are movable between an open position and a closed position to grasp tissue T therebetween. The first jaw 30310 comprises a first bipolar electrode and the second jaw 30320 comprises a second bipolar electrode. The first and second bipolar electrodes cooperate to delivery bipolar energy to cauterize and/or seal tissue grasped between the first and second jaws 30310, 30320 in a bipolar tissue-treatment cycle.

Further to the above, the first jaw 30310 comprises a first tissue contacting surface 30314 and the second jaw 30320 comprises a second tissue contacting surface 30324. The first jaw 30310 comprises a first recess 30312 configured to receive a first compliant or biasing member 30340 therein. The first biasing member 30340 is configured to bias the tissue T toward the second jaw 30320 when the tissue T is grasped between the first jaw 30310 and the second jaw 30320. The second jaw comprises a second recess 30322 configured to receive a second compliant or biasing member 30350 and the monopolar electrode 30330 therein. The second biasing member 30350 is configured to bias the monopolar electrode 30330 and the tissue T toward the first jaw 30310 when the tissue T is grasped between the first jaw 30310 and the second jaw 30320.

Further to the above, the first recess 30312 and the second recess 30322 are sized and shaped to receive the first biasing member 30340, the second biasing member 30350, and the monopolar electrode 30330 to ensure the first jaw 30310 and the second jaw 30320 can be fully closed. In other words, when the first jaw 30310 and the second jaw 30320 are in the closed position, the first tissue-contacting surface 30314 and the second tissue-contacting surface 30324 contact one another when no tissue T is positioned therebetween. However, other embodiments are envisioned where a gap is defined between the first tissue-contacting surface 30314 and the second tissue-contacting surface 30324 when the first jaw 30310 and the second jaw 30320 are in the closed position when tissue T is positioned therebetween and/or when tissue T is not positioned therebetween. In any event, the first recess 30312 and the second recess 30322 are sized and/or shaped such that the monopolar electrode 30330 extends above the second tissue-contacting surface 30324 and into the first recess 30312 of the first jaw 30310 to increase the ability of the first jaw 30310 and the second jaw 30320 to fully close. The first and second recesses 30312, 30322 comprise an electrically isolative material to electrically isolate the monopolar electrode 30330 from the first and second jaws 30310, 30320. However, other embodiments are envisioned where the first and second recesses 30312, 30322 do not electrically isolate the monopolar electrode 30330 from the first and second jaws 30310, 30320. The monopolar electrode 30330 comprises an independent wiring connection to the control housing of the surgical instrument 30300. The independent wiring connection allows the monopolar electrode 30330 to be energized independent of the first and second electrodes of the first and second jaws 30310, 30320 to permit cutting and/or sealing operations to be performed independent of one another. In at least one embodiment, the control housing of the surgical instrument 30300 prevents the monopolar electrode 30330 from being energized until the first and second electrodes of the first and second jaws 30310, 30320 have been energized to prevent cutting of tissue T that has not been cauterized and/or sealed.

FIG. 12 illustrates a surgical end effector 30400 for use with an electrosurgical instrument. The end effector 30400 comprises a first jaw including a first bipolar electrode 30410, a second jaw including a second bipolar electrode 30420, and a monopolar electrode 30430. The first bipolar electrode 30410 and the second bipolar electrode 30420 are at least partially surrounded by a compliant member and/or a compliant insulator 30440. The compliant insulator 30440 can comprise rubber, silicone, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing, and/or combinations thereof. The monopolar electrode 30430 is affixed to the compliant insulator 30440 of the first bipolar electrode 30410. Thus, the monopolar electrode 30430 is electrically insulated from the first bipolar electrode 30410. In at least one embodiment, the compliant insulator 30440 surrounding the first electrode 30410 comprises a rigid, or at least substantially rigid, PTFE tubing and the second compliant insulator 30440 surrounding the second electrode 30420 comprises a silicone and/or rubber material. Other embodiments are envisioned with different combinations of PTFE tubing, rubber, and/or silicone, positioned at least partially around the first bipolar electrode 30410 and the second bipolar electrode 30420, for example.

FIG. 13 illustrates a surgical end effector 30500 for use with an electrosurgical instrument. The surgical end effector comprises a first jaw 30510 and a second jaw 30520 movable between open and closed positions to grasp tissue therebetween. The first jaw 30510 is at least partially surrounded by a first compliant member 30514 and the second jaw 30520 is at least partially surrounded by a second compliant member 30524. The first compliant member 30514 is almost completely surrounded by a first bipolar electrode 30512 and the second compliant member 30524 is almost completely surrounded by a second bipolar electrode 30522. More specifically, the first bipolar electrode 30512 surrounds the first compliant member 30514 except for a gap portion 30516 where a monopolar electrode 30530 is affixed to the first compliant member 30514. Further, the second bipolar electrode 30522 surrounds the second compliant member 30524 except for a gap portion 30526 facing the first jaw 30510. The gap portion 30526 in the second jaw 30520 permits the monopolar electrode 30530 extending from the first complaint member 30514 to experience biasing forces from both the first and second compliant members 30514, 30524 when the first jaw 30510 and the second jaw 30520 grasp tissue in the closed position. The first complaint member 30514 and the second compliant member 30524 comprise an electrically insulative material to electrically isolate the monopolar electrode 30530 from the first bipolar electrode 30512 and the second bipolar electrode 30522. The first and second complaint members 30514, 30524 can comprise rubber, silicone, PTFE tubing, and/or combinations thereof.

FIG. 14 illustrates a surgical end effector 30600 for use with an electrosurgical instrument. The surgical end effector 30600 comprises a first jaw 30610 and a second jaw 30620 movable between open and closed positions to grasp tissue therebetween. The first jaw 30610 is at least partially surrounded by a first compliant member 30614 and the second jaw 30620 is at least partially surrounded by a second compliant member 30624. The first compliant member 30614 is almost completely surrounded by a first bipolar electrode 30612 and the second compliant member 30624 is almost completely surrounded by a second bipolar electrode 30622. In other words, the first bipolar electrode 30612 surrounds the first compliant member 30614 except for a gap portion 30616 where a monopolar electrode 30630 is affixed to the first compliant member 30614. Further, the second bipolar electrode 30622 surrounds the second compliant member 30624 except for a gap portion 30626.

Further to the above, the gap portions 30616, 30626 in the first and second bipolar electrodes 30612, 30622 permit the monopolar electrode 30630 extending from the first complaint member 30614 to contact the second compliant member 30624 when the first jaw 30610 and the second jaw 30620 are in the closed position. Further, the gap portions 30616, 30626 are offset to permit the first bipolar electrode 30612 to contact the second compliant member 30624 and the second bipolar electrode 30622 to contact the first compliant member 30614 when the jaws 30610, 30620 are closed with no tissue positioned therebetween. Unlike the electrodes 30512, 30533, the electrodes 30612, 30622 are not mirror images of each other. Instead, the electrode 30612 is offset with the electrode 30622 causing the gap portions 30616, 30610 to also be offset with one another. This arrangement prevents circuit shorting.

In any event, when the first jaw 30610 and the second jaw 30620 are closed, the monopolar electrode 30630 is positioned between the first compliant member 30614 and the second compliant member 30624 to provide a spring bias or biasing force to the monopolar electrode 30630 when tissue is grasped between the jaws 30610, 30620. In other words, the monopolar electrode 30630 experiences biasing forces from both the first compliant member 30614 and the second compliant member 30624 when the first jaw 30610 and the second jaw 30620 are closed around tissue. The biasing forces from the compliant members 30614, 30624 facilitate cutting of tissue when the monopolar electrode 30630 is energized.

Further to the above, in at least one embodiment, the first complaint member 30614 and the second compliant member 30624 comprise electrically insulative material to electrically isolate the monopolar electrode 30630 from the first bipolar electrode 30612 and the second bipolar electrode 30622. In at least one embodiment, the first and second complaint members 30614, 30624 can comprise rubber, silicon, PTFE tubing, and/or combinations thereof.

FIG. 15 illustrates a surgical end effector 30700 for use with an electrosurgical instrument. The end effector 30700 comprises a first jaw 30710 and a second jaw 30720 movable between open and closed positions to grasp tissue therebetween. The first jaw 30710 defines a first bipolar electrode and the second jaw 30720 defines a second bipolar electrode that are configured to cooperate to delivery bipolar energy to cauterize and/or seal tissue grasped between the first and second jaws 30710, 30720. Further, the first jaw 30710 comprises a first longitudinal recess 30712 comprising a first compliant member 30714 affixed therein. The second jaw 30720 comprises a second longitudinal recess 30722 comprising a second compliant member 30724 affixed therein. The surgical end effector 30700 further comprises a monopolar electrode 30730 affixed to the first compliant member 30714. The first compliant member 30714 and the second compliant member 30724 permit the monopolar electrode 30730 extending from the first complaint member 30714 to experience biasing forces from both the first and second compliant members 30714, 30724 when the first jaw 30710 and the second jaw 30720 grasp tissue in the closed position. The first complaint member 30714 and the second compliant member 30724 comprise electrically insulative material to electrically isolate the monopolar electrode 30730 from the first electrode of the first jaw 30710 and the second electrode of the second jaw 30720. The first and second complaint members 30714, 30724 can comprises rubber, silicone, PTFE tubing, and/or combinations thereof.

FIG. 16 illustrates a surgical end effector for use with an electrosurgical instrument. The end effector 30800 comprises a first jaw 30810 and a second jaw 30820 movable between an open position and a closed position to grasp tissue therebetween. The first jaw 30810 defines a first bipolar electrode and the second jaw 30820 defines a second bipolar electrode. As discussed above, the first and second bipolar electrodes are configured to cooperate to delivery bipolar energy to cauterize and/or seal tissue positioned between the first and second jaws 30810, 30820. Further, the first jaw 30810 comprises a longitudinal recess 30812 comprising a compliant member 30814 affixed therein. In at least one embodiment, the second jaw 30820 comprises stainless steel coated with PTFE shrink tube. The surgical end effector 30800 further comprises a monopolar electrode 30830 affixed to the compliant member 30814 of the first jaw 30810. The compliant member 30814 provides a biasing force to the monopolar electrode 30830 when the first jaw 30810 and the second jaw 30820 grasp tissue therebetween. The biasing force of the compliant member 30814 enhances contact between the monopolar electrode 30830 and the tissue during cutting operations. The complaint member 30814 comprises an electrically insulative material to electrically isolate the monopolar electrode 30830 from the first electrode of the first jaw 30810. The complaint member 30814 can comprise rubber, silicone, PTFE tubing, and/or combinations thereof.

FIG. 17 illustrates an alternative surgical end effector 30800′ to the surgical end effector 30800. The end effector 30800′ is similar to the end effector 30800; however, the monopolar electrode 30830 is affixed to the second jaw 30820. When tissue is positioned between the first jaw 30810 and the second jaw 30820, the compliant member 30814 applies a biasing force through the tissue to the monopolar electrode 30830 affixed to the second jaw 30820.

FIG. 18 illustrates a surgical end effector 30900 for use with an electrosurgical instrument. The surgical end effector 30900 defines an end effector axis EA extending longitudinally along the length of the end effector 30900. The surgical end effector 30900 comprises a first jaw 30910 and a second jaw 30920 movable between an open position and a closed position to grasp tissue therebetween. The first jaw 30910 comprises a first honeycomb lattice structure 30912 surrounded by a first diamond-like coating 30914. The second jaw 30920 comprises a second honeycomb lattice structure 30922 surrounded by a second diamond-like coating 30924. The diamond-like coatings 30914, 30924 may be any of the diamond-like coatings described herein, for example. The first honeycomb lattice structure 30912 and the second honeycomb lattice structure 30922 comprise the same geometric array and material. However, other embodiments are envisioned where the first honeycomb lattice structure 30912 and the second honeycomb lattice structure 30922 comprise different geometric arrays and materials which comprise more or less air pockets, as described herein. The first diamond-like coating 30914 and the second diamond-like coating 30924 comprise the same material. However, other embodiments are envisioned where the first diamond-like coating 30914 and the second diamond-like coating 30924 comprise different materials.

Further to the above, the end effector 30900 further comprises a first bipolar electrode 30940 affixed to the first diamond-like coating 30914 of the first jaw 30910 on a first lateral side of the end effector axis EA. The first bipolar electrode 30940 extends longitudinally along a length of the end effector 30900. The second jaw 30920 comprises a compliant member 30960 affixed within a cutout portion 30926 defined in the second jaw 30920. The end effector 30900 further comprises a second bipolar electrode 30950 affixed to the compliant member 30960 on a second lateral side of the end effector axis EA. The second bipolar electrode 30950 extends longitudinally along a length of the end effector 30900. The electrodes 30940, 30950 cooperate to deliver a bipolar energy to tissue grasped between the jaws 30910, 30920. Further, the electrodes 30940, 30950 are offset from one another to prevent incidental contact between them in the closed position, which can form a short circuit.

Further, the end effector 30900 comprises a monopolar electrode 30930 affixed to the compliant member 30960 and positioned intermediate the first bipolar electrode 30940 and the second bipolar electrode 30950. The monopolar electrode 30930 extends longitudinally along a length of the end effector 30900 and, in at least one embodiment, is aligned with the end effector axis EA.

As discussed herein, the first bipolar electrode 30940 and the second bipolar electrode 30950 are configured to cauterize and/or seal tissue when tissue is positioned between the first and second jaws 30910, 30920 by delivering bipolar energy to the tissue in a bipolar energy cycle. Further, the monopolar electrode 30930 is configured to cut the tissue by delivering monopolar energy to the tissue in a monopolar energy cycle.

Further to the above, the compliant member 30960 is compressible and exerts pressure on tissue positioned between the first jaw 30910 and the second jaw 30920. More specifically, the pressure exerted by the jaws 30910, 30920 on the tissue in the region directly above the compliant member 30960 is greater than the pressure exerted on the tissue in the regions adjacent to the compliant member 30960 (i.e., the regions where the compliant member 30960 is not present). In at least one embodiment, the compliant member 30960 comprises an elastomeric and/or plastic honeycomb structure that insulates the second bipolar electrode 30950 and the monopolar electrode 30930 from the second diamond-like coating 30924 and honeycomb lattice structure 30922 of the second jaw 30920. The compliant member 30960 holds the second bipolar electrode 30950 and the monopolar electrode 30930 in place and provides a biasing force to the monopolar electrode 30930 and the second bipolar electrode 30950 toward the first jaw 30910 when tissue is grasped between the first and second jaws 30910, 30920.

Further to the above, the first and second diamond-like coatings 30914, 30924 are electrically conductive and thermally insulative. However, other embodiments are envisioned where the first and second diamond-like coatings 30914, 30924 are electrically insulative and/or thermally insulative. The first and second honeycomb lattice structures 30912, 30922 comprise air pockets which provide thermal insulation for the first and second jaws 30910, 30920. The first and second honeycomb lattice structures 30912, 30922 provide an additional spring bias to the tissue when the tissue is positioned between the first and second jaws 30910, 30920. In at least one embodiment, the first and second honeycomb lattice structures 30912, 30922 allow the first and second jaws 30910, 30920 to flex and/or bend when tissue is grasped therebetween. In any event, the spring forces of the first and second honeycomb lattice structures 30912, 30922 and the compliant member 30960 provide consistent pressure to the tissue when the tissue is grasped between the first and second jaws 30910, 30920.

In various aspects, one or more of the Diamond-Like coatings (DLC) 30914, 30924 are comprised of an amorphous carbon-hydrogen network with graphite and diamond bondings between the carbon atoms. The DLC coatings 30914, 30924 can form films with low friction and high hardness characteristics around the first and second honeycomb lattice structures 30912, 30922. The DLC coatings 30914, 30924 can be doped or undoped, and are generally in the form of amorphous carbon (a-C) or hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) containing a large fraction of sp3 bonds. Various surface coating technologies can be utilized to form the DLC coatings 30914, 30924 such as the surface coating technologies developed by Oerlikon Balzers. In at least one example, the DLC coatings 30914, 30924 are generated using Plasma-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (PACVD).

In various aspects, one or both of the DLC coatings can be substituted with a coating comprising Titanium Nitride, Chromium Nitride, Graphit iC™, or any other suitable coating.

Still referring to FIG. 18, the electrodes 30940, 30950 are offset such that a plane extending along the axis EA and transecting the monopolar electrode 30930 extends between the electrodes 30940, 30950. Further, in the illustrated examples, the electrodes 30930, 30940, 30950 protrude from the outer surface of the jaws 30910, 30920. In other examples, however, one or more of the electrodes 30930, 30940, 30950 can be embedded into the jaws 30910, 30920 such that their outer surfaces are flush with the outer surface of the jaws 30910, 30920.

A number of the end effectors described in connection with FIGS. 4-18 are configured to coagulate, cauterize, seal, and/or cut tissue grasped by the end effector in a tissue treatment cycle that includes delivery of bipolar energy and/or monopolar energy to the tissue. The bipolar energy and the monopolar energy can be delivered separately, or in combination, to the tissue. In one example, the monopolar energy is delivered to the tissue after bipolar energy delivery to the tissue is terminated.

FIG. 19 is a graph depicting an alternative example of a tissue treatment cycle 31000 that delivers bipolar energy, in a bipolar energy cycle, and monopolar energy, in a monopolar energy cycle, to the tissue. The tissue treatment cycle 31000 includes a bipolar-only phase 31002, a blended energy phase 31004, and a monopolar-only phase 31006. The tissue treatment cycle 31000 can be implemented by an electrosurgical system including a generator (e.g. generators 1100, 900) coupled to an electrosurgical instrument that includes an end effector (e.g. end effectors of FIGS. 4-18), for example.

The graph of FIG. 19 depicts power (W) on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. The power values provided in the graph and in the following description are thereof are non-limiting examples of the power levels that can be utilized with the tissue treatment cycle 31000. Other suitable power levels are contemplated by the present disclosure. The graph depicts a bipolar power curve 31010 and a monopolar power curve 31014. Further, a blended power curve 31012 represents simultaneous application of the monopolar and bipolar energies to the tissue.

Referring still to FIG. 19, an initial tissue contacting stage is depicted between to and which takes place prior to application of any energy to the tissue. The jaws of the end effector are positioned on opposite sides of the tissue to be treated. Bipolar energy is then applied to the tissue throughout a tissue coagulation stage starting at t₁ and terminating at t₄. During a feathering segment (t₁-t₂), bipolar energy application is increased to a predetermined power value (e.g. 100 W) and is maintained at the predetermined power value through the remainder of the feathering segment (t₁-t₂) and a tissue-warming segment (t₂-t₃). During a sealing segment (t₃-t₄), the bipolar energy application is gradually reduced. Bipolar energy application is terminated at the end of the sealing segment (t₃-t₄), and prior to the beginning of the cutting/transecting stage.

Further to the above, monopolar energy application to the tissue is activated during the tissue coagulation stage. In the example illustrated in FIG. 19, activation of the monopolar energy commences at the end of the feathering segment and the beginning of the tissue-warming segment, at time t₂. Like bipolar energy, the monopolar energy application to the tissue is gradually increased to a predetermined power level (e.g. 75 W) that is maintained for the remainder of the tissue-warming segment and an initial portion of the sealing segment.

During the sealing segment (t₃-t₄) of the tissue coagulation stage, the monopolar energy application to the tissue gradually increases in power as bipolar energy application to the tissue gradually decreases in power. In the illustrated example, the bipolar energy application to the tissue is stopped at the end of the tissue coagulation cycle (t₄). The beginning of the tissue transecting stage is ushered by an inflection point in the monopolar power curve 31014 at t₄ where the previous gradual increase in monopolar energy, experienced during the sealing segment (t₃-t₄), is followed by a step up to a predetermined maximum threshold power level (e.g. 150 W) sufficient to transect the coagulated tissue. The maximum power threshold is maintained for a predetermined time period that ends with the return of the monopolar power level to zero.

Accordingly, the tissue treatment cycle 31000 is configured to deliver three different energy modalities to a tissue treatment region at three consecutive time periods. The first energy modality, which includes bipolar energy but not monopolar energy, is applied to the tissue treatment region from t₁ to t₂, during the feathering segment. The second energy modality, which is a blended energy modality that includes a combination of monopolar energy and bipolar energy, is applied to the tissue treatment region from t₂ to t₄, during the tissue-warming segment and tissue-sealing segment. Lastly, the third energy modality, which includes monopolar energy but not bipolar energy, is applied to the tissue from t₄ to t₅, during the cutting segment. Furthermore, the second energy modality comprises a power level that is the sum of the power levels of monopolar energy and bipolar energy. In at least one example, the power level of the second energy modality includes a maximum threshold (e.g. 120 W). In various aspects, the monopolar energy and the bipolar energy can be delivered to an end effector from two different electrical generators.

The blended power curve 31012, applied during the blended energy phase 31004, represents a combination of bipolar energy and monopolar energy application to the tissue. During the tissue warming segment (t₂-t₃), the blended power curve 31012 rises as monopolar power is activated, at t₂, and increased, while the bipolar power is maintained at a constant, or at least substantially constant, level through the remainder of the tissue warming segment (t₂, t₃) and the beginning of the tissue sealing segment (t₃-t₄). During the sealing segment (t₃-t₄), the blended power curve 31012 is maintained at a constant, or at least substantially constant, level by gradually decreasing the bipolar power level as the monopolar power level is increased.

In various aspects, the bipolar and/or monopolar power levels of the tissue treatment cycle 31000 can be adjusted based on one or more measured parameters including tissue impedance, jaw motor velocity, jaw motor force, jaws aperture of an end effector and/or current draw of the motor effecting end effector closure.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a monopolar electrode for cutting patient tissue comprises a monopolar camming lobe electrode and a wire attached thereto. The monopolar camming lobe electrode is initially located at a distal end of an end effector of an electrosurgical instrument. When the clinician desires to cut patient tissue, the monopolar camming lobe electrode is energized (i.e., via a power generator, as discussed herein) and pulled on by the wire attached thereto. The wire first induces the camming lobe electrode to rotate upward into the tissue gap along the centerline of the end effector and is then pulled from the distal end to the proximal end to cut the patient tissue. In other words, the camming lobe electrode acts like a pivoting cutting blade of a surgical instrument if the pivoting cutting blade was located at the distal end and then pulled proximally. Further, in at least one embodiment, the wire attached to the camming lobe electrode is offset from the rotational center of the camming lobe electrode such that when the wire is pulled proximally, the camming lobe electrode is initially rotated into an upright position. The camming lobe electrode exerts a force vertically against the opposite side of the end effector jaw from where the camming lobe electrode is positioned. In such an arrangement, the camming lobe electrode may be initially concealed from the tissue gap between the jaws of the end effector until the wire initially pulls on the camming lobe electrode to rotate the camming lobe electrode into its upright position. Since the camming lobe electrode is initially concealed, the load the camming lobe is exerting against the other jaw of the end effector is independent of the tissue gap. In other words, the camming lobe electrode will either stand substantially upright prior to beginning distal to proximal motion or the camming lobe electrode will stand partially up prior to beginning distal to proximal motion. The amount the camming lobe electrode is rotated toward its upright position is dependent upon the amount of tissue positioned between the jaws of the end effector and the stiffness of the tissue. For example, stiffer tissue resists the camming lobe electrode from rotating into its upright position more than softer tissue before the camming lobe electrode begins to move from the distal end toward the proximal end.

FIG. 20 depicts an electrosurgical instrument 40100 comprising a housing, a shaft 40110 extending from the housing, and an end effector 40120 extending from the shaft 40110. An articulation joint 40130 rotatably connects the shaft 40110 and the end effector 40120 to facilitate articulation of the end effector 40120 relative to the shaft 40110. A circuit board 40140 is located in the housing of the instrument 40100. However, other embodiments are envisioned with the circuit board 40140 positioned in any suitable location. In at least one example, the circuit board 40140 is a printed circuit board. The printed circuit board 40140 includes a connection plug 40142 for connecting the printed circuit board 40140 to a wiring assembly 40150. The wiring assembly 40150 extends from the printed circuit board 40140 through the shaft 40110 and into the end effector 40120. The wiring assembly 40150 is configured to monitor at least one function of the end effector 40120 and relay monitored information to the printed circuit board 40140. The wiring assembly 40150 can monitor functions of the end effector including the compression rate of the jaws of the end effector 40120 and/or the heat cycle of the end effector 40120, for example. In the illustrated example, the wiring assembly 40150 comprises a sensor 40122 positioned in the end effector 40120. The sensor 40122 monitors at least one function of the end effector 40120.

In various aspects, the sensor 40122 may comprise any suitable sensor, such as, for example, a magnetic sensor, such as a Hall effect sensor, a strain gauge, a pressure sensor, an inductive sensor, such as an eddy current sensor, a resistive sensor, a capacitive sensor, an optical sensor, and/or any other suitable sensor. In various aspects, the circuit board 40140 comprises a control circuit that includes a microcontroller with a processor and a memory unit. The memory unit may store one or more algorithms and/or look-up tables to recognize certain parameters of the end effector 40120 and/or tissue grasped by the end effector 40120 based on measurements provided by the sensor 40122.

Further to the above, the wiring assembly 40150 may comprise several flexible, rigid, and/or stretchable portions as part of a flexible circuit to allow the wiring assembly 40150 to flex, bend, and/or stretch across various part boundaries and/or joints of the surgical instrument 40100. For example, as the wiring assembly 40150 crosses a part boundary or joint an inextensible flexible plastic substrate (i.e., polyimide, peek, transparent conductive polyester film) transitions to a flexible silicone, or elastomeric substrate, and then back to the inextensible flexible substrate on the other side of the joint. The metallic conductor within the wiring assembly 40150 remains continuous but stretchable over the part boundary and/or joint. This arrangement enables the entire circuit to be flexible with local portions being flexible in at least two planes. Thus, the portions of the wiring assembly 40150 that span across part boundaries and/or joints allow local relative motions without tearing the wiring assembly 40150, or a loss in its continuity. The wiring assembly 40150 is fixed around the local movement zones to protect the wiring assembly 40150 from excessive strain and/or distortion.

Further to the above, in the present embodiment, the wiring assembly 40150 comprises a first elastic portion 40152, a proximal rigid portion 40154, a second elastic portion 40156, and a distal rigid portion 40158. The proximal rigid portion 40154 is positioned in the elongate shaft 40110 and the distal rigid portion 40158 is positioned in the end effector 40120. The first elastic portion 40152 is positioned between the printed circuit board 40140 and the proximal rigid portion 40154. The second elastic portion 40156 is positioned between the proximal rigid portion 40154 and the distal rigid portion 40158. Other embodiments are envisioned where the wiring assembly 40150 comprises more or less than two elastic portions. The rigid portions 40154, 40158 may be fixed to the shaft 40110 and end effector 40120, respectively, with an adhesive 40105, for example. However, any suitable attachment means may be utilized. The elastic portions 40152, 40156 further comprise a resilient portion (i.e., for bending and/or flexing) and a stretchable portion (i.e. for stretching). In at least one embodiment, the resilient portion comprise a first substrate, or layer, and the stretchable portions comprise a second substrate, or layer. The first and second substrates comprise different materials. However, other embodiments are envisioned where the first and second substrates comprise the same material in different configurations.

Further to the above, the wiring assembly 40150 further comprises an electrical trace, or conductor 40160, spanning the entire length of the wiring assembly 40150 and configured to carry electrical energy between the printed circuit board 40140 and the end effector 40120. Referring primarily to FIGS. 21 and 22, the conductor 40160 comprises a stretchable portion 40162 spanning the elastic portions 40152, 40156. The stretchable portion 40162 comprises a snaking, oscillating, and/or zig-zag pattern which allows the stretchable portion 40162 to stretch when the elastic portions 40152, 40156 are extended as illustrated in FIG. 22. When the elastic portions 40152, 40156 are returned to their relaxed and/or natural state, the stretchable portion 40162 is returned to its snaking, oscillating, and/or zig-zag pattern as illustrated in FIG. 21.

Further to the above, in at least one embodiment, the conductor 40160 may be used in high current applications such as RF treatment energy where the conductor 40160 comprises a copper conductor that is printed into the wiring assembly 40150 in a snaking, oscillating, and/or zig-zag pattern. Other embodiments are envisioned where the stretchable portions 40162 of the conductor 40160 spanning the elastic portions 40152, 40156 comprise conductive links that interlock to allow the stretchable portion 40162 to stretch across the joint.

FIG. 23 illustrates an electrosurgical instrument 40200 comprising a shaft 40210, a translating member 40220, and a flex circuit and/or wiring harness 40230. The wiring harness 40230 may be similar to the wiring assembly 40150. The translating member 40220 may be a knife drive rod for incising patient tissue, an articulation cable, and/or a rigid articulation member of the instrument 40200, for example. However, the translating member 40220 may be any translating member as described herein. In any event, the translating member 40220 is configured to translate relative to the shaft 40210 and comprises a ferrous element 40222 that translates with the translating member 40220. The ferrous element 40222 may be attached to or housed within the translating member 40220, for example. The wiring harness 40230 is fixed within the shaft 40210 and comprises a linear inductive sensor 40232 configured to detect the linear position of the ferrous element 40222 and thus the linear position of the translating member 40220. More specifically, the linear inductive sensor 40232 is configured to generate an electrical field which the ferrous element 40222 disrupts. The linear inductive sensor 40232 is integrated into the wiring harness 40230 to provide robust protection from external elements and fluids.

In various aspects, the sensor 40232 can be a magnetic sensor, such as a Hall effect sensor, a strain gauge, a pressure sensor, an inductive sensor, such as an eddy current sensor, a resistive sensor, a capacitive sensor, an optical sensor, and/or any other suitable sensor. In various aspects, a control circuit a includes a microcontroller with a processor and a memory unit that stores one or more algorithms and/or look-up tables to recognize certain parameters of the surgical instrument 40200 and/or tissue treated by the surgical instrument 40200 based on measurements provided by the sensor 40232.

FIGS. 24 and 25 illustrate an electrosurgical instrument 40300 comprising a shaft 40310, a translating member 40320, and a flex circuit or wiring harness 40330. The translating member 40320 is configured to translate relative to the shaft 40310 to perform an end effector function. The translating member 40320 may be a knife drive rod for incising patient tissue, an articulation cable, and/or a rigid articulation member of the instrument 40300, for example. However, the translating member may be any translating member described herein, for example. In any event, the wiring harness 40330 comprises a conductor 40331, a body portion 40332, and an elastic portion 40334 which extends from the body portion 40332. The body portion 40332 is fixed to the shaft 40310 and comprises a first sensor 40340 configured to measure a function of an end effector of the surgical instrument 40300. The elastic portion 40334 is attached to the translating member 40320 and comprises a second sensor 40350. The second sensor 40350 is positioned at the end of the elastic portion 40334 where the elastic portion 40334 attaches to the translating member 40320. Thus, the second sensor 40350 translates with the translating member 40320. The second sensor 40350 is configured to measure the stress and/or strain within the translating member 40320. However, other embodiments are envisioned where the second sensor is configured to measure the position, velocity, and/or acceleration of the translating member 40320.

In various aspects, a control circuit a includes a microcontroller with a processor and a memory unit that stores one or more algorithms and/or look-up tables to recognize certain parameters of the surgical instrument 40300 and/or tissue treated by the surgical instrument 40300 based on measurements provided by the sensors 40340, 40350.

Further to the above, the elastic portion 40334 is similar to the elastic portions 40152, 40156 discussed herein with respect to FIGS. 20-22. More specifically, the elastic portion 40334 comprises resilient and/or stretchable portions which allow the elastic portion 40334 to bend, flex, and/or stretch relative to the body portion 40332 of the wiring harness 40330. Such an arrangement allows the second sensor 40350 to be integral to the wiring harness 40330 without the detected measurements of the second sensor 40350 being impacted by the movement of the translating member 40320 relative to the wiring harness 40330.

FIGS. 26-33 depict an electrosurgical instrument 40400 comprising a handle 40410, a shaft 40420 extending from the handle 40410, and a distal head or end effector 40430 extending from the shaft 40420. The handle 40410 comprises a trigger 40412 an electric motor assembly 40411 including a motor 40411 a driven by a motor driver/controller 40422 b configured to drive the motor 40411 a per input from a control circuit 40413, and in response to actuation motions of the trigger 40412. In various aspects, the control circuit 40413 includes a microcontroller 40414 that has a processor 40415 and a memory unit 40417. A power source 40418 is coupled to the motor controller 40411 b for powering the motor and to the microcontroller 40414.

The shaft 40420 defines a shaft axis SA and comprises an end effector drive member, such as the end effector drive member 40419. The end effector drive member 40419 is operably responsive to the electric motor 40411 a in the handle 40410 and is configured to perform at least two end effector functions. The end effector 40430 is configured to be selectively locked and unlocked from the shaft 40420, as discussed herein. More specifically, when the end effector 40430 is locked to the shaft 40420, the end effector 40430 cannot be rotated and/or articulated relative to the shaft 40420, and the end effector drive member 40419 is configured to open and close jaws of the end effector 40430. Further, when the end effector 40430 is unlocked from the shaft 40420, the end effector can be rotated and/or articulated relative to the shaft 40420 and the end effector drive member 40419 rotates the end effector 40430 about the shaft axis SA when the end effector drive member 40419 is actuated by the electric motor.

The instrument 40400 further comprises a manual toggle member or rocker member 40440, an elongate shaft 40450, and a pull cable 40460. The elongate shaft 40450 is crimped to the pull cable 40460 such that the elongate shaft 40450 and pull cable 40460 move together along the shaft axis SA. The rocker member 40440 comprises a slot 40442 defined therein which is configured to receive the elongate shaft 40450. The rocker member 40440 and elongate shaft 40450 are mounted within the handle 40410 and portions of the rocker member 40440 extending laterally beyond each side of the handle 40410 to allow the rocker member 40440 to be manually actuated by a clinician. The rocker member 40440 further comprises a pin 40444 extending into the slot 40442. The pin 40444 extends into a V-shaped groove 40452 defined in the outer diameter of the elongate shaft 40450. The elongate shaft 40450 is biased, such as by a spring, away from the rocker member 40440 (i.e., biased distally).

In use, when the rocker member 40440 is rotated in a clockwise direction CW the pin 40444 slides within a first side of the V-shaped groove 40452 and retracts the elongate shaft 40450 toward the rocker member 40440 (i.e., proximally). When the rocker member 40440 is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction CCW the pin 40444 slides within a second side of the V-shaped groove 40452, opposite from the first side, and retracts the elongate shaft 40450 toward the rocker member 40440 (i.e., proximally). Referring to FIG. 31, when the rocker member 40440 is centered, the elongate shaft 40450 is in its distal most position (i.e., farthest away from the rocker member 40440). Referring to FIGS. 32 and 33, when the rocker member 40440 is rotated in either the clockwise direction CW or the counter-clockwise direction CCW, the elongate shaft 40450 is retracted toward the rocker member 40440 (i.e., proximally).

As discussed above, the elongate shaft 40450 is crimped to the pull cable 40460. Thus, the pull cable 40460 is retracted when the rocker member 40440 is rotated in either the clockwise direction CW or the counter-clockwise direction CCW. The pull cable 40460 may be similar to the unlocking cable 11342 illustrated in FIG. 54 of U.S. patent application Attorney Docket No. END9234USNP2/190717-2. More specifically, the pull cable 40460, when retracted, (i.e., moved proximally) unlocks the end effector 40430 to permit the end effector 40430 to be rotated and/or articulated relative to the shaft 40420. Thus, when the rocker member 40440 is rotated in either the clockwise direction CW or the counter-clockwise direction CCW, the end effector 40430 is unlocked to allow for rotation and/or articulation of the end effector 40430.

Further to the above, the rocker member 40440 further comprises a downwardly extending post 40446 configured to engage a first switch 40447 and a second switch 40448 positioned on either side of the downwardly extending post 40446. The first switch 40447 and the second switch 40448 are configured to activate an articulation motor positioned within the handle 40410. More specifically, when the rocker member 40440 is rotated in the clockwise direction CW, the pull cable 40460 is retracted to unlock the end effector 40430 and the post 40446 engages the first switch 40447 resulting in rotation of the motor 40411 a in a first direction which causes an articulation drive assembly 40417 to articulate the end effector 40430 to the right, for example. When the rocker member 40440 is rotated in the counter-clockwise direction CCW, the pull cable 40460 is retracted to unlock the end effector 40430. The post 40446 engages the second switch 40448 which results in the rotation of the motor 40411 a in a second direction, opposite the first direction, thereby causing the articulation drive assembly 40417 to articulate the end effector 40430 to the left.

Further to the above, when the rocker member 40440 is centered, as illustrated in FIG. 28, neither the first switch 40447 nor the second switch 40448 are activated. The pull cable 40460 is in its distal most position corresponding to the end effector 40430 being locked, as discussed above. In various aspect, any suitable shifter or clutch mechanism can be configured to shift the drive member 40419 between an operable engagement with the articulation drive assembly 40417 and an operable engagement with a closure/firing assembly 40421. The shifter mechanism can be motivated by the rocker member 40440 such that the drive member 40419 is operably coupled to the closure/firing drive assembly 40421 when the rocker member 40440 is centered, and is operably coupled to the articulation drive assembly 40417 when the rocker member 40440 is rotated either the clockwise direction CW or the counter-clockwise direction CCW from the centered position.

When the end effector 40430 is locked, rotation of the electric motor in the handle 40410 results in rotation of the end effector drive member 40419 to cause the closure/firing drive assembly 40421 to move the pair of jaws of the end effector 40430 between the open and closed positions. However, other embodiments are envisioned where rotation of the end effector drive member 40419 translates a firing member through the end effector 40430 when the end effector 40430 is locked. In any event, when the rocker member 40440 is rotated in either the clockwise direction CW or the counter-clockwise direction CCW, the end effector 40430 is unlocked which allows for rotation of the end effector 40430 about the shaft axis SA. More specifically, when the end effector 40430 is unlocked, and the end effector drive member 40419 is actuated by the electric motor 40411 a in the handle 40410, the end effector 40430 is rotated about the shaft axis SA relative to the shaft 40420.

Further to the above, other embodiments are envisioned with more than one articulation motor where the articulation motors are operably responsive to the first switch 40447 and the second switch 40448. Such an arrangement facilitates articulation of the end effector 40430 about multiple axes if a double articulation joint is employed between the end effector 40430 and the shaft 40420, for example. Other embodiments are also envisioned with separate motors dedicated to closure, firing, and/or articulation.

In various aspects, the motor driver 40411 b is configured to operate the electric motor 40411 a in a plurality of operating states based on input from the processor 40416. For example, when the end effector drive member 40419 is opening and closing the jaws of the end effector 40430 (i.e., the distal head or end effector 40430 is locked), the electric motor is in a first operating mode. When the electric motor 40411 a is in the first operating mode, the end effector drive member 40419 is operated at a first speed, at a first rate, with a first amount of torque, and/or with a first amount of acceleration to open and close the jaws of the end effector 40430. When the end effector drive member 40419 is rotating the end effector 40430 about the shaft axis SA (i.e., the distal head or end effector 40430 is unlocked) the electric motor 40411 a is in a second operating mode. When the electric motor 40411 a is in the second operating mode, the end effector drive member 40419 is operated at a second speed, at a second rate, with a second amount of torque, and/or with a second amount of acceleration to rotate the end effector 40430.

In at least one embodiment, the first operating mode and the second operating mode are different and comprise different combinations of control parameters to drive the end effector drive member 40419 at different speeds, torques, and/or accelerations, for example. In at least one embodiment, the second operating mode (i.e., distal head rotation) comprises a lower max torque limit, a graduated acceleration to allow precise adjustments, and/or a lower max torque velocity than the first operating mode, for example. In contrast, the end effector drive member 40419 comprises a higher torque limit, comprises no, or limited, graduation of acceleration, and/or rotates at a faster speed in the first operating mode, for example.

In various aspects, the memory 40415 stores program instructions that, when executed by the processor 40416, cause the processor 40416 to select one of the first operating mode or the second operating mode. Various combinations of control parameters to drive the end effector drive member 40419 at different speeds, torques, and/or accelerations, for example, can be selected by the processor 40416 from a lookup table, algorithm, and/or equation stored in the memory 40415.

Further to the above, referring to FIG. 29, the control circuit 40413 controls the speed, torque, and/or accelerations of the articulation motor. The articulation motor is activated by the first switch 40447 and the second switch 40448 to articulate the end effector 40430 relative to the shaft axis SA, as discussed above. In at least one embodiment, the first switch 40447 and the second switch 40448 are adaptively controlled. The microcontroller 40414 can be in signal communication with the first switch 40447 and the second switch 40448 to provide proportional speed control of the motor 40411 a to articulate the end effector 40430 based on the manual movements of the rocker member 40440. More specifically, the distance and/or or force by which the first switch 40447 or the second switch 40448 is depressed is directly proportional to the speed, torque, and/or acceleration with which the end effector 40430 is articulated. Alternatively, in certain examples, the switches 40447 and 40448 are directly in communication with the motor driver 40411 b.

As illustrated in FIG. 29, various embodiments are envisioned wherein the surgical instrument 40400 comprises a transmission, a shiftable motor drive, and/or a shifter 40427 to lock two drive mechanisms together, such as the end effector drive shaft 40419 and the articulation drive assembly 40417 which drives articulation of the end effector 40430, for example, or lock the end effector drive shaft 40419 and the closure/firing drive assembly 40421. In such an arrangement, the surgical instrument 40400 comprises a single electric motor 40411 a to drive articulation of the end effector 40430, rotate the end effector 40430 about the shaft axis SA, and open and close the jaws of the end effector 40430. More specifically, the shifter 40427 switches the single electric motor between engagement with the articulation drive assembly 40417 and the closure/firing drive assembly 40421.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, handle user controls of the motors and/or end-effector motions of a surgical instrument are in signal communication with a control system of the surgical instrument. The control system is housed within the handle and couples user trigger feedback to the motor driven feedback of the end-effector to provide proportionate, but not direct, control of the end-effector. In at least one embodiment, the control system provides indirect open loop control of the end-effector with an alternative means for providing clamp level feedback to the user. The surgical instrument comprises tactile feedback and a trigger sweep correlation. Further, the surgical instrument comprises feedback systems to the control system for monitoring alternative compression or pressure in the jaws to compensate for the removal of tactile feedback. In such an arrangement, the manual user inputs drive the jaws independent of the stroke of the trigger. In at least one embodiment, a smaller trigger that is finger sized with spring returns is utilized to improve the maneuverability of the manual controls and the handle. Further, in at least one embodiment, modular attachment of an electrical backbone to the surgical instrument is employed when a new single use shaft is introduced.

FIG. 35 illustrates a graph 40500 of a power schematic of a surgical system 40550 (FIG. 34) comprising an electrosurgical instrument 40551 and a power source (e.g. a power generator) 40552 configured to supply power to the electrosurgical instrument 40551. The electrosurgical instrument 40551 comprises an integrated, or self-contained, power source that works in concert with the separate power generator 40552 to power motors and other components of the electrosurgical instrument 40551. The integrated power source comprises a charge accumulator device such as a rechargeable, non-removable battery 40553, for example. The battery 40553 is configured to begin recharging as soon as the battery 40553 is attached to the power output from the generator 40552. The integrated power source can begin recharging during use within the procedure, for example. The integrated power source, or rechargeable battery, draws a constant power level from the power output generator 40552 regardless of the power being expended by the motors, controllers, and/or sensors until the rechargeable battery 40553 is charged to a maximum predetermined level. The battery 40553 can be simultaneously discharging to operate the controls or motors of the electrosurgical instrument 40551 and charging via the power output generator 40552. The battery 40553 continues to charge until it reaches a predetermined level in between user requested operations during generator initialization or in wait state in-between uses. If the battery 40553 drains to a minimum predetermined level, the user is notified that they have to wait an amount of time until the battery 40553 is charged above a minimum threshold level before the electrosurgical instrument 40551 can be used again.

Further to the above, the graph 40500 of FIG. 35 includes graphs 40502, 40504, 40506, 40508 including Y-axes representing various parameters of the surgical system 40550 plotted against time t on the X-axis. Graph 40502 depicts on the Y-axis power in Watts (W) supplied by a generator 40552 to a power source (e.g. internal charge accumulator such as a rechargeable battery 40553) of the electrosurgical instrument. Graph 40504 depicts on the Y-axis the charge level of the battery 40553 as a percentage of a maximum charge level threshold. Graph 40506 depicts on the Y-axis power in Watts (W) drawn from the battery 40553 by components of the surgical instrument 40551 such as, for example, a motor 40554. Graph 40508 depicts on the Y-axis motor velocity limits set as a percentage of a maximum motor-velocity threshold.

In the illustrated example, the electrosurgical instrument 40551 is connected to the generator 40552 at a time t₀. The generator 40552 charges the rechargeable battery 40553 at a constant recharge rate (S1) until the charge level of the battery 40553 reaches a maximum threshold at 100%, which is achieved at t₁. The power supply by the generator 40552 is automatically started upon connecting the surgical instrument 40551 to the generator 40552, and is automatically stopped once the charge level reaches the maximum threshold. In various examples, the surgical system 40550 includes a control circuit 40555 that comprises a charge meter 40556 for detecting the charge level of the battery 40553, and a switching mechanism for deactivating the power supply to the surgical instrument 40551 when the charge level reaches the maximum threshold. In at least one example, the battery can be charged at a constant rate of 15 W. The generator will automatically stop charging the battery 40553 when the battery charge level has reached 100%.

Further, at time t₂, the motor 40554 is activated to cause an end effector 40557 of the surgical instrument 40551 to perform one or more functions. The motor 40554 draws power from the battery 40553 causing the battery 40553 to discharge at a rate S₂. The battery 40553 continues to charge while discharging power to the motor 40554. Accordingly, the rate of discharge S₂ is derived from a combination of the rate of discharge of the battery 40553 caused by the motor draw of power from the battery and the rate of charge of the battery 40553 by power supplied to the battery 40553 by the generator 40552, which occur concurrently, or simultaneously, until the motor 40554 is deactivated. Once the power draw by the motor 40554 is stopped, the battery 40553 returns to recharging at the constant rate S1.

In the illustrated example, the motor 40553 is activated at first and second instances 40501, 40503, as depicted in Graph 40506, to open and close the jaws of the end effector 40557 to grasp tissue, for example. A clinician may open and close the jaws a number of times to achieve a good grasp of the tissue. At the end of the second instance 40503 of the motor activation, the battery 40553 returns to recharging at the constant rate S1 up to the 100% charge level achieved at t₃, at which point the power supplied by the generator 40552 to the battery 40553 is stopped. Further, a third instance 40505 of the motor activation, to articulate the end effector 40557, causes the battery 40553 to discharge at a rate S₃ from time t₄ to time t₅. The end effector closure/opening and articulation can be driven by the same or different motors that draw power from the battery 40553.

Further, as depicted in graphs 40504, 40506, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh instances 40507, 40509, 40511, 40513 of motor activations cause the charge level of the battery 40553 to reach and cross a first predetermined minimum threshold (e.g. 40%) and a second predetermined minimum threshold (e.g. 20%). A motor driver/controller 40558 of the electrosurgical instrument 40551, which is in signal communication with the generator 40552 and the battery 40553, maintains the motor velocity limit at 100% until the battery charge level is reduced to the first predetermined threshold level. When the charge level of the battery 40553 is reduced to a first predetermined level, for example 40% at time t₆, the motor controller 40558 reduces the motor velocity limit (e.g. to 50%) to conserve battery power. Accordingly, when the battery charge level is at 40% and the jaws of the end effector 40557 are actuated, the instrument will close the jaws of the end effector 40557 at first a reduced speed, which causes the time period t_(b) of the motor activation instance 40509 to greater than the time period t_(a) of the motor activation instance 40507. Further, when the charge level is reduced to a second predetermined level, for example 20% at time t₇, the motor controller 40558 reduces the velocity limit of the motor to 25% to further conserve the battery power. When the battery charge level is at 20% and the jaws of the end effector 40557 are actuated, the instrument clamps the jaws of the end effector 40557 at a second reduced speed that is less than the first reduced speed, which causes the time period t_(c) of the motor activation instance 40513 to greater than the time period t_(b) of the motor activation instance 40509. Accordingly, the motor controller 40558 causes the motor to perform similar functions at different speeds based on corresponding charge levels of the battery 40553 supplying power to the motor 40554.

Further, when the charge level of the battery 40553 is reduced to a predetermined minimum level, for example 10% at time t₈, the motor velocity limit is reduced to zero and the surgical instrument alerts the clinician to wait until the battery 40553 is charged above a predetermined minimum level, for example 40% at time t₉. When the battery 40553 has been re-charged from 10% to 40% and the jaws of the end effector 40557 are actuated at a motor activation instance 40515, the surgical instrument 40551 will move the jaws of the end effector 40557 at the first reduced speed for a time period t_(d) that is less than the time period ta. Upon completion of the activation instance 40515, at the end of the time period t_(d), the battery 40553 commences recharging at the constant recharging rate S₁ until it reaches the maximum charge level at t₁₀ at which point the power supply from the generator 40552 to the battery 40553 is stopped.

FIG. 34 is a simplified schematic diagram of the surgical system 40550 that includes a control circuit 40550 that has a microcontroller 40560 including a processor 40561 and a memory 40562 that stores program instructions. When the program instructions are executed, the program instructions cause the processor 40561 to detect a charge level of the battery 40553. In at least one example, the processor 40561 is in communication with a charge meter 40556 configured to measure the charge level of the battery 40553. Further, detecting that the charge level of the battery 40553 is equal to or less than a first minimum charge level threshold (e.g. 40%) while the motor 40554 is in operation causes the processor to reduce a maximum velocity limit of the motor 40554 to a first maximum threshold. In at least one example, the processor 4056 is in communication with a motor driver 40558 configured to control the velocity of the motor 40554. In such example, the processor 40561 signals the motor driver 40558 to reduce the motor velocity limit of the motor 40554 to first maximum threshold. Alternatively, in other examples, the processor 40561 may directly control the maximum motor velocity limit.

Further, detecting that the charge level of the battery 40561 is equal to or less than a second minimum charge level threshold (e.g. 20%) while the motor 40554 is in operation causes the processor to reduce the maximum velocity limit of the motor 40554 to a second maximum threshold less than the first maximum threshold. In addition, detecting that the charge level of the battery 40553 is equal to or less than a third minimum charge level threshold (e.g. 10%) while the motor 40554 is in operation causes the processor to reduce the maximum velocity limit of the motor 40554 to zero or stop the motor 40554. The processor 40561 may prevent the restart of the motor 40554 until the minimum charge level is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold such as, for example, the second minimum charge level threshold (e.g. 20%).

In certain examples, the processor 40561 may further employ one or more feedback systems 40563 to issue an alert to a clinician. In certain instances, the feedback systems 40563 may comprise one or more visual feedback systems such as display screens, backlights, and/or LEDs, for example. In certain instances, the feedback systems 40563 may comprise one or more audio feedback systems such as speakers and/or buzzers, for example. In certain instances, the feedback systems 40563 may comprise one or more haptic feedback systems, for example. In certain instances, the feedback systems 40563 may comprise combinations of visual, audio, and/or haptic feedback systems, for example.

Further to the above, in at least one embodiment, the internal battery is charged in-between surgical procedures and/or during surgical procedures by an external charge accumulation device, or by an external battery attached to the surgical instrument. In at least one embodiment, the external battery comprises disposable batteries which are introduced into the sterile field in sterile packaging and attached to the surgical instrument to supplement the internal battery and/or to replace the internal battery, for example. In at least one embodiment, the external battery is the sole operational power source for controlling the mechanical operating systems while radio frequency (RF) power for the therapeutic treatment of tissue is supplied by the power generator, for example. In such an arrangement, the external battery is connected to the surgical instrument when the internal battery is insufficient to power the device. More specifically, the external battery is used cooperatively with the internal battery rather than in place of it. Further, in at least one embodiment, the external battery comprises disposable batteries which are connected to the internal battery of the surgical instrument when the surgical instrument is not performing a surgical procedure to charge the internal battery. The external battery is then disconnected from the surgical instrument for later use by the clinician if supplemental power is required.

FIG. 36 illustrates a surgical system 40600 comprising a surgical instrument 40610, a monopolar power generator 40620, and a bipolar power generator 40630. In the illustrated embodiment, the monopolar power generator 40620 is electrically coupled directly to a motor 40650 of the surgical instrument 40610 and the bipolar power generator 40630 is electrically coupled directly to the battery 40640. The bipolar power generator 40630 is configured to charge the battery 40640 which in turn supplies power to the motor 40650. The monopolar power generator 40620 is configured to supply power directly to the motor 40650 and charge the battery 40640. More specifically, an additional electrical connection 40660 is supplied between the monopolar power generator 40620 and the battery to allow the monopolar power generator 40620 to supply power to the motor 40650 while also supplying power to the battery 40640 to charge the battery 40640. The monopolar power generator 40620 and the bipolar power generator 40630 are configured to output DC power to the battery 40640 and the motor 40650.

In various aspects, the surgical instrument 40610 includes an end effector 40611. The motor 40650 is operably coupled to the end effector 40611, and can be activated to cause the end effector 40611 to perform a plurality of functions such as, for example, causing at least one of the jaws of 40613, 40614 of the end effector 40611 to move to transition the end effector 40611 between an open configuration, as illustrated in FIG. 36, and a closed configuration to grasp tissue therebetween. Further, the end effector 40611 extends distally from a shaft 40615, and is articulatable relative to the shaft 40611 about a longitudinal axis extending centrally through the shaft 40615 by actuation motions generated by the motor 40650.

In addition, the surgical instrument 40610 further includes a power supply assembly 40616 that routes power from the generators 40620 and 40630 to the motor 40650 and/or the battery 40640. In at least one example, the power supply assembly 40616 separately receives a first power from the generator 40620 and a second power from the generator 40630. The power supply assembly 40616 is configured to route the second power to the battery 40640 to charge the battery at a constant rate (S1) up to a maximum predetermined charge level. The power supply assembly 40616 is further configured to route the first power to the electric motor 40650 and the battery 40650. In the illustrated example, the motor 40650 is concurrently, or simultaneously, powered by the battery 40640 and the generator 40620.

FIG. 37 illustrates a graph 40700 of the battery charge percentage and the motor torque of the surgical system 40600. Line 40710 represents the battery charge percentage of the battery 40640 if only the bipolar power generator 40630 is utilized with the surgical instrument 40610. Line 40720 represents the combined battery charge percentage when both the monopolar power generator 40620 and the bipolar power generator 40630 are utilized with the surgical instrument 40610. When both the monopolar power generator 40620 and the bipolar power generator 40630 are used to charge the battery 40640, the battery 40640 is charged faster than if only one of the monopolar power generator 40620 and the bipolar power generator 40630 were used to charge the battery 40640. Further, line 40730 represents the motor torque of the motor 40650 if only the bipolar power generator 40630 is utilized with the surgical instrument 40610. Line 40740 represents the motor torque of the motor 40650 when both the monopolar power generator 40620 and the bipolar power generator 40630 are utilized with the surgical instrument 40610. When both the monopolar power generator 40620 and the bipolar power generator 40630 are used to power the motor 40650, the motor 40650 can produce more torque as compared to if only one of the monopolar power generator 40620 and the bipolar power generator 40630 were used to power the motor 40650.

Further to the above, other embodiments are envisioned where the monopolar power generator 40620 is configured to supply power only to the motor 40650 and the bipolar power generator 40630 is configured to charge the battery 40640 which in turn supplies additional power to the motor 40650 (i.e., the monopolar power generator 40620 does not charge the battery 40640). Further, other embodiments are envisioned where both the monopolar power generator 40620 and the bipolar power generator 40630 are used solely to charge the battery 40640 which in turn supplies power to the motor 40650, for example. In such an arrangement, both the monopolar power generator 40620 and the bipolar power generator 40630 could be synchronized to charge the battery 40640 in unison which is in turn used to operate the motor 40650. In at least one embodiment, more than one motor may be utilized to drive the end effector 40611 of the surgical instrument 40610. In such an arrangement, the monopolar power generator 40620 can supply power to one of the motors and the bipolar power generator 40630 can supply power to another of the motors. Further, both the monopolar power generator 40620 and the bipolar power generator 40630 are used to charge the battery 40640 which in turn can be used to power the motors. However, other embodiments are envisioned where only one of the monopolar power generator 40620 and the bipolar power generator 40630 are used to charge the battery 40640.

Various aspects of the subject matter described herein are set out in the following example sets.

Example Set 1

Example 1—A surgical instrument comprising an end effector. The end effector comprises a proximal end, a distal end, a first jaw, and a second jaw. The first jaw comprises a first electrode. One of the first jaw and the second jaw is movable relative to the other of the first jaw and the second jaw from an open position to a closed position to grasp tissue between the first jaw and the second jaw. The second jaw comprises a second electrode and a monopolar electrode centrally disposed down a length of the end effector. The first electrode and the second electrode cooperate to deliver bipolar energy to the tissue in a bipolar cycle. The monopolar electrode comprises a wedge shape. The wedge shape graduates in width along the length of the end effector. The monopolar electrode is electrically isolated from the first electrode and the second electrode. The monopolar electrode is configured to employ monopolar energy to cut the tissue in a monopolar cycle.

Example 2—The surgical instrument of Example 1, wherein the first jaw and the second jaw are laterally curved.

Example 3—The surgical instrument of Examples 1 or 2, wherein the monopolar cycle is performed after the bipolar cycle.

Example 4—The surgical instrument of Examples 1, 2, or 3, wherein the monopolar cycle is performed independent of the bipolar cycle.

Example 5—The surgical instrument of Examples 1 or 2, wherein the monopolar cycle and the bipolar cycle are asynchronously activated in a tissue treatment cycle.

Example 6—The surgical instrument of Examples 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein the monopolar cycle is initiated after initiation of the bipolar cycle and before termination of the bipolar cycle in a tissue treatment cycle.

Example 7—A surgical instrument comprising and end effector. The end effector comprises a proximal end, a distal end, a first jaw, and a second jaw. The first jaw comprises a first electrode. One of the first jaw and the second jaw is movable relative to the other of the first jaw and the second jaw from an open position to a closed position to grasp tissue between the first jaw and the second jaw. The second jaw comprises a second electrode and a monopolar electrode electrically isolated from the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode cooperate to deliver bipolar energy to the tissue in a bipolar cycle. The monopolar electrode comprises a compliant flex-circuit substrate centrally disposed down a length of the end effector and an electrically conductive member disposed onto the compliant flex-circuit substrate. The monopolar electrode is configured to employ monopolar energy to cut the tissue in a monopolar cycle.

Example 8—The surgical instrument of Example 7, wherein the first jaw and the second jaw are laterally curved.

Example 9—The surgical instrument of Examples 7 or 8, wherein the monopolar cycle is performed after the bipolar cycle.

Example 10—The surgical instrument of Examples 7, 8, or 9, wherein the monopolar cycle is performed independent of the bipolar cycle.

Example 11—The surgical instrument of Examples 7 or 8, wherein the monopolar cycle and the bipolar cycle are asynchronously activated.

Example 12—The surgical instrument of Examples 7, 8, 9, or 10, wherein the monopolar cycle is initiated after initiation of the bipolar cycle and before termination of the bipolar cycle in a tissue treatment cycle.

Example 13—A surgical instrument comprising an end effector. The end effector comprises a proximal end, a distal end, a first jaw, and a second jaw. The first jaw comprises a first electrode. One of the first jaw and the second jaw is movable relative to the other of the first jaw and the second jaw from an open position to a closed position to grasp tissue between the first jaw and the second jaw. The second jaw comprises a second electrode and a monopolar electrode centrally disposed down a length of the end effector. The first electrode and the second electrode cooperate to deliver bipolar energy to the tissue in a bipolar cycle. The monopolar electrode comprises an electrically conductive wire electrically isolated from the first electrode and the second electrode. The monopolar electrode is configured to employ monopolar energy to cut the tissue in a monopolar cycle.

Example 14—The surgical instrument of Example 13, wherein the monopolar cycle is performed after the bipolar cycle.

Example 15—The surgical instrument of Examples 13 or 14, wherein the monopolar cycle is performed independent of the bipolar cycle.

Example 16—The surgical instrument of Examples 13, 14, or 15, wherein the electrically conductive wire comprises a flexible central portion.

Example 17—The surgical instrument of Examples 13, 14, 15, or 16, further comprising a compliant member, wherein the electrically conductive wire is electrically isolated from the second jaw by the compliant member.

Example 18—The surgical instrument of Example 17, wherein the compliant member comprises a deformable dielectric material.

Example 19—The surgical instrument of Examples 17 or 18, wherein the compliant member is compressible.

Example 20—The surgical instrument of Examples 17, 18, or 19, wherein the compliant member comprises a first compliant member, wherein the first jaw comprises a second compliant member, and wherein the first compliant member and the second compliant member electrically isolate the electrically conductive wire from the first jaw and the second jaw. Example Set 2

Example 1—A surgical end effector for use with an electrosurgical instrument. The end effector comprises a proximal end, a distal end, a first jaw, and a second jaw. A central plane of the surgical end effector extends through the proximal end and the distal end. The first jaw is longitudinally bisected by the central plane. The first jaw comprises a first electrode extending along a portion of the first jaw. The first electrode is positioned on a first side of the central plane. The second jaw is longitudinally bisected by the central plane. At least one of the first jaw and the second jaw is movable to transition the end effector from an open configuration to a closed configuration to grasp tissue between the first jaw and the second jaw. The second jaw comprises a second electrode and a compliant substrate. The second electrode extends along a portion of the second jaw. The second electrode is positioned on a second side of the central plane. The first electrode and the second electrode are configured to cooperate to deliver a bipolar energy to the tissue. The compliant substrate extends along the length of the second jaw. The compliant substrate comprises a first compliant portion on the first side of the central plane, a second compliant portion on the second side of the central plane, and a monopolar electrode extending along the central plane. The second electrode is mounted onto the second compliant portion. The monopolar electrode is mounted onto the compliant substrate. The monopolar electrode is configured to deliver a monopolar energy to the tissue. The compliant substrate is configured to apply a biasing force to the second electrode and the monopolar electrode toward the first jaw in the closed configuration.

Example 2—The surgical end effector of Example 1, wherein the first compliant portion is smaller than the second compliant portion.

Example 3—The surgical end effector of Examples 1 or 2, wherein the second jaw comprises a dielectric coating.

Example 4—The surgical end effector of Example 3, wherein the compliant substrate and the dielectric coating define a flush tissue-contacting surface.

Example 5—The surgical end effector of Examples 3 or 4, wherein the compliant substrate separates the dielectric coating from the monopolar electrode and the second electrode.

Example 6—The surgical end effector of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, wherein the compliant substrate comprises a porous structure.

Example 7—The surgical end effector of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein the compliant substrate comprises an elastic honeycomb structure.

Example 8—The surgical end effector of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, wherein the first jaw further comprises a first porous skeleton and a first diamond-like coating at least partially covering the first porous skeleton, wherein the first electrode is disposed on the first diamond-like coating.

Example 9—The surgical end effector of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, wherein the second jaw further comprises a second porous skeleton and a second diamond-like coating at least partially covering the second porous skeleton, wherein the compliant substrate is disposed on the second diamond-like coating.

Example 10—A surgical instrument comprising a shaft and an end effector extending from the shaft. The end effector comprises a proximal end, a distal end, a first jaw, and a second jaw. A central plane of the end effector extends through the proximal end and the distal end. The first jaw is longitudinally bisected by the central plane. The first jaw comprises a first electrode extending along a portion of the first jaw. The first electrode is positioned on a first side of the central plane. The second jaw is longitudinally bisected by the central plane. At least one of the first jaw and the second jaw is movable to transition the end effector from an open configuration to a closed configuration to grasp tissue between the first jaw and the second jaw. The second jaw comprises a second electrode and a compressible support. The second electrode extends along a portion of the second jaw. The second electrode is positioned on a second side of the central plane. The first electrode and the second electrode are configured to cooperate to deliver a bipolar energy to the tissue. The compressible support extends along the length of the second jaw. The compressible support comprises a first compressible portion on the first side of the central plane, a second compressible portion on the second side of the central plane, and a monopolar electrode extending along the central plane. The second electrode is mounted onto the second compressible portion. The monopolar electrode is mounted onto the compressible support. The monopolar electrode is configured to deliver a monopolar energy to the tissue. The compressible support is configured to apply a spring bias to the second electrode and the monopolar electrode against the first jaw in the closed configuration.

Example 11—The surgical instrument of Example 10, wherein the first compressible portion is smaller than the second compressible portion.

Example 12—The surgical instrument of Examples 10 or 11, wherein the second jaw comprises a dielectric coating.

Example 13—The surgical instrument of Example 12, wherein the compressible support and the dielectric coating define a flush tissue-contacting surface.

Example 14—The surgical instrument of Examples 12 or 13, wherein the compressible support separates the dielectric coating from the monopolar electrode and the second electrode.

Example 15—The surgical instrument of Examples 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14, wherein the compressible support comprises a porous structure.

Example 16—The surgical instrument of Examples 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, wherein the compressible support comprises an elastic honeycomb structure.

Example 17—The surgical instrument of Examples 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16, wherein the first jaw further comprises a first porous skeleton and a first diamond-like coating at least partially covering the first porous skeleton, wherein the first electrode is disposed on the first diamond-like coating.

Example 18—The surgical instrument of Examples 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, or 17, wherein the second jaw further comprises a second porous skeleton and a second diamond-like coating at least partially covering the second porous skeleton, wherein the compressible support is disposed on the second diamond-like coating.

Example 19—A surgical end effector for use with an electrosurgical instrument. The end effector comprises a proximal end, a distal end, a first jaw, and a second jaw. The first jaw extends longitudinally between the proximal end to the distal end. The first jaw comprises a first electrode extending longitudinally along a portion of the first jaw. The second jaw extends longitudinally between the proximal end and the distal end. At least one of the first jaw and the second jaw is movable to transition the end effector from an open configuration to a closed configuration to grasp tissue between the first jaw and the second jaw. The second jaw comprises a second electrode, a monopolar electrode, and a compliant substrate. The second electrode extends longitudinally along a portion of the second jaw. The second electrode is laterally offset from the first electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are configured to cooperate to deliver a bipolar energy to the tissue. The monopolar electrode extends longitudinally alongside the second electrode. The monopolar electrode is configured to deliver a monopolar energy to the tissue. The monopolar electrode and the second electrode are fixedly attached onto the compliant substrate in a spaced apart arrangement. The compliant substrate is configured to apply a biasing force to the second electrode and the monopolar electrode toward the first jaw in the closed configuration.

Example 20—The surgical end effector of Example 19, wherein at least one of the first jaw and the second jaw comprises a dielectric coating.

Example Set 3

Example 1—An electrosurgical instrument comprising a housing, a shaft extending from the housing, an end effector extending from the shaft, an articulation joint rotatably connecting the end effector to the shaft, and a wiring circuit. The housing comprises a printed control board. The wiring circuit extends from the printed control board through the shaft and into the end effector. The wiring circuit is configured to monitor a function of the end effector and communicate the monitored function to the printed control board. The wiring circuit comprises a proximal rigid portion fixed to the shaft, a distal rigid portion fixed to the end effector, and an intermediate portion extending from the proximal rigid portion to the distal rigid portion. The intermediate portion comprises a resilient portion and a stretchable portion.

Example 2—The electrosurgical instrument of Example 1, wherein the resilient portion comprises a first substrate and the stretchable portion comprises a second substrate, and wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are different.

Example 3—The electrosurgical instrument of Examples 1 or 2, wherein the stretchable portion comprises a conductor in a zig-zag configuration, and wherein the conductor is made of a non-stretchable metallic material.

Example 4—The electrosurgical instrument of Examples 1, 2, or 3, wherein the stretchable portion comprises a conductor in an accordion shape, and wherein the conductor is made of a non-stretchable metallic material.

Example 5—The electrosurgical instrument of Examples 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein the resilient portion comprises a laminate portion comprising a substrate.

Example 6—An electrosurgical instrument comprising a housing, a shaft extending from the housing, an end effector extending from the shaft, an articulation joint rotatably connecting the end effector to the shaft, and a wiring circuit. The housing comprises a printed control board. The wiring circuit extends from the printed control board through the shaft and into the end effector. The wiring circuit is configured to monitor a function of the end effector and communicate the monitored function to the printed control board. The wiring circuit comprises a rigid portion, a resilient portion transitionable between a relaxed configuration and an unrelaxed configuration, and a conductive wire extending through the resilient portion. The conductive wire comprises a stretchable portion. The conductive wire is configured to elongate when the resilient portion is transitioned from the relaxed configuration to the unrelaxed configuration.

Example 7—The electrosurgical instrument of Example 6, wherein the stretchable portion comprises a zig-zag pattern.

Example 8—The electrosurgical instrument of Examples 6 or 7, wherein the stretchable portion comprises an oscillating patter.

Example 9—The electrosurgical instrument of Examples 6, 7, or 8, wherein the stretchable portion comprises an accordion shape.

Example 10—The electrosurgical instrument of Examples 6, 7, 8, or 9, wherein the resilient portion comprises a laminate portion comprising a substrate.

Example 11—An electrosurgical instrument comprising a housing, a shaft extending from the housing, an end effector extending from the shaft, a translating member configured to translate relative to the shaft to perform an end effector function, and a wiring harness. The housing comprises a printed control board. The wiring harness extends from the printed control board into the shaft. The wiring harness comprises a rigid body portion fixed to the shaft, a resilient portion extending from the rigid body portion, and a conductive wire extending through the rigid body portion and the resilient portion. An end of the resilient portion is attached to the translating member. The end of the resilient portion attached to the translating member comprises a sensor configured to measure an attribute of the translating member.

Example 12—The electrosurgical instrument of Example 11, wherein the attribute of the translating member comprises the stress within the translating member.

Example 13—The electrosurgical instrument of Example 11, wherein the attribute of the translating member comprises the strain within the translating member.

Example 14—The electrosurgical instrument of Example 11, wherein the attribute of the translating member comprises the stress and strain within the translating member.

Example 15—The electrosurgical instrument of Examples 11, 12, 13, or 14, wherein the attribute of the translating member comprises one of the group consisting of the position of the translating member, the velocity of the translating member, and the acceleration of the translating member.

Example 16—The electrosurgical instrument of Examples 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, wherein a portion of the conductive wire positioned within the resilient portion of the wiring harness comprises a stretchable portion.

Example 17—The electrosurgical instrument of Example 16, wherein the stretchable portion comprises a zig-zag pattern.

Example 18—The electrosurgical instrument of Examples 16 or 17, wherein the stretchable portion comprises an oscillating pattern.

Example 19—The electrosurgical instrument of Examples 16, 17, or 18, wherein the stretchable portion comprises an accordion shape.

Example 20—The electrosurgical instrument of Examples 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19, wherein the wiring harness extends into the end effector and comprises a second sensor configured to measure an end effector function.

Example Set 4

Example 1—A surgical instrument comprising a motor assembly, a shaft defining a shaft axis, a distal head extending from the shaft, a rotary drive member, and a distal head lock member. The distal head is rotatable about the shaft axis. The motor assembly comprises a motor and a motor controller. The motor controller is configured to operate the motor in a first operating mode and a second operating mode. The distal head comprises an end effector movable between an open configuration and a closed configuration. The rotary drive member is operably responsive to the motor. The rotary drive member is operably engaged with the distal head. The distal head lock member is manually movable between a first position where the distal head is unlocked from the shaft and a second position where the distal head is locked to the shaft. The distal head is rotated about the shaft axis relative to the shaft when the distal head lock member is in the first position and the rotary drive member is actuated. The end effector is moved from the open configuration toward the closed configuration when the distal head lock member is in the second position and the rotary drive member is actuated.

Example 2—The surgical instrument of Example 1, wherein the motor assembly is configured to operate in the first operating mode when the distal head lock member is in the first position, and wherein the motor is configured to operate in the second operating mode when the distal head lock member is in the second position.

Example 3—The surgical instrument of Examples 1 or 2, wherein the motor is configured to rotate the rotary drive member at a first speed when the motor is in the first operating mode, wherein the motor is configured to rotate the rotary drive member at a second speed when the motor is in the second operating mode, and wherein the first speed and the second speed are different.

Example 4—The surgical instrument of Examples 1, 2, or 3, wherein the motor is configured to produce a first amount of torque when the motor is in the first operating mode, wherein the motor is configured to produce a second amount of torque when the motor is in the second operating mode, and wherein the first amount of torque and the second amount of torque are different.

Example 5—The surgical instrument of Examples 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein the rotary drive member accelerates at a first rate when the motor is in the first operating mode, wherein the rotary drive member accelerates at a second rate when the motor is in the second operating mode, and wherein the first rate and the second rate are different.

Example 6—The surgical instrument of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, further comprising a pull cable operably engaged with the distal head lock member, wherein the pull cable is operably engaged with the distal head to transition the distal head between a first configuration where the distal head is unlocked from the shaft and a second configuration where the distal head is locked to the shaft.

Example 7—A surgical instrument comprising a motor assembly, a shaft defining a shaft axis, an end effector extending from the shaft, a rotary drive member, and a mode selector member. The motor assembly comprises a motor and a motor controller. The motor controller is configured to operate the motor in a first operating mode and a second operating mode. The end effector is configured to perform a first end effector function and a second end effector function that is different than the first end effector function. The rotary drive member is operably responsive to the motor. The rotary drive member is operably engaged with the end effector and configured to selectively perform the first end effector function and the second end effector function. The mode selector member is operably engaged with the end effector and the rotary drive member. The mode selector member is manually movable between a first position where the end effector performs the first end effector function when the rotary drive member is actuated by the motor and a second position where the end effector performs the second end effector function when the rotary drive member is actuated by the motor. The motor is configured to operate in the first operating mode when the mode selector member is in the first position. The motor is configured to operate in the second operating mode when the mode selector member is in the second position.

Example 8—The surgical instrument of Example 7, wherein the motor is configured to rotate the rotary drive member at a first speed when the motor is in the first operating mode, wherein the motor is configured to rotate the rotary drive member at a second speed when the motor is in the second operating mode, and wherein the first speed and the second speed are different.

Example 9—The surgical instrument of Examples 7 or 8, wherein the motor is configured to produce a first amount of torque when the motor is in the first operating mode, wherein the motor is configured to produce a second amount of torque when the motor is in the second operating mode, and wherein the first amount of torque and the second amount of torque are different.

Example 10—The surgical instrument of Examples 7, 8, or 9, wherein the rotary drive member accelerates at a first rate when the motor is in the first operating mode, wherein the rotary drive member accelerates at a second rate when the motor is in the second operating mode, and wherein the first rate and the second rate are different.

Example 11—A surgical instrument comprising a motor, a shaft defining a shaft axis, an end effector extending from the shaft, a rotary drive member operably responsive to the motor, a lock member operably engaged with the rotary drive member, and a toggle member operably engaged with the lock member. The rotary drive member is operably engaged with the end effector and configured to selectively perform a first end effector function and a second end effector function that is different than the first end effector function. The lock member is movable between a first position where the end effector is locked to the shaft and a second position where the end effector is unlocked from the shaft. The toggle member is rotatable about the shaft axis to move the lock member between the first position and the second position. The rotary drive member is configured to perform the first end effector function when the lock member is in the first position. The rotary drive member is configured to perform the second end effector function when the lock member is in the second position.

Example 12—The surgical instrument of Example 11, wherein the first end effector function comprises a rotation of the end effector about the shaft axis, and wherein the second end effector function comprises actuating a pair of jaws of the end effector.

Example 13—The surgical instrument of Example 11, wherein the first end effector function comprises translating a firing member through the end effector, and wherein the second end effector function comprises actuating a pair of jaws of the end effector.

Example 14—The surgical instrument of Example 11, further comprising an articulation joint, wherein the second end effector function comprises articulation of the end effector relative to the shaft about an articulation axis.

Example 15—The surgical instrument of Examples 11, 12, 13, or 14, further comprising a motor controller configured to operate the motor in a first operating mode and a second operating mode that is different than the first operating mode.

Example 16—The surgical instrument of Example 15, wherein the motor controller is configured to operate the motor in the first operating mode when the lock member is in the first position and operate the motor in the second operating mode when the lock member is in the second position.

Example 17—The surgical instrument of Example 16, wherein the motor is configured to rotate the rotary drive member at a first speed when the motor is in the first operating mode, wherein the motor is configured to rotate the rotary drive member at a second speed when the motor is in the second operating mode, and wherein the first speed and the second speed are different.

Example 18—The surgical instrument of Examples 16 or 17, wherein the motor is configured to produce a first amount of torque when the motor is in the first operating mode, wherein the motor is configured to produce a second amount of torque when the motor is in the second operating mode, and wherein the first amount of torque and the second amount of torque are different.

Example 19—The surgical instrument of Examples 16, 17, or 18, wherein the rotary drive member accelerates at a first rate when the motor is in the first operating mode, wherein the rotary drive member accelerates at a second rate when the motor is in the second operating mode, and wherein the first rate and the second rate are different.

Example 20—The surgical instrument of Examples 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19, further comprising a pull cable operably engaged with the lock member and the end effector, wherein the pull cable is configured to transition the end effector between a first configuration where the end effector is unlocked from the shaft and a second configuration where the end effector is locked to the shaft.

Example Set 5

Example 1—A surgical system comprising a generator and a surgical instrument configured to receive power from the generator. The surgical instrument comprises a housing, a shaft extending form the housing, an end effector extending from the shaft, and an internal charge accumulator in electrical communication with the generator. The housing comprises an electric motor. The shaft defines a longitudinal shaft axis. The end effector is operably responsive to actuations from the electric motor. The end effector is transitionable between an open configuration and a closed configuration. The end effector is rotatable relative to the longitudinal shaft axis about an articulation axis that is transverse to the longitudinal shaft axis. The generator is incapable of supplying a sufficient power directly to the electric motor to cause the electric motor to perform the actuations. The internal charge accumulator is configured to supply power to the electric motor. The internal charge accumulator is chargeable by the generator to a threshold value at a charge rate dependent on a charge level of the internal charge accumulator. The charge rate is independent of a charge expenditure by the surgical instrument.

Example 2—The surgical system of Example 1, wherein the generator is configured to charge the internal charge accumulator during the charge expenditure.

Example 3—The surgical system of Examples 1 or 2, wherein the generator supplies power to the internal charge accumulator at a constant rate when the charge level of the internal charge accumulator is below the threshold value while the electric motor is drawing power from the internal charge accumulator.

Example 4—The surgical system of Examples 1, 2, or 3, wherein the speed of the electric motor is permitted to reach a maximum speed when the charge level of the internal charge accumulator is above a predetermined minimum level.

Example 5—The surgical system of Example 4, wherein the speed of the electric motor is limited to a reduced speed when the charge level of the internal charge accumulator is below the predetermined minimum level.

Example 6—The surgical instrument of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, wherein the end effector comprises a first jaw comprising an electrode and a second jaw, and wherein the generator is configured to supply a first power to the surgical instrument to cause the electrode to cauterize tissue captured between the first jaw and the second jaw while supplying a second power to the surgical instrument to charge the internal charge accumulator.

Example 7—The surgical instrument of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein the internal charge accumulator comprises a rechargeable battery.

Example 8—The surgical instrument of Example 7, wherein the rechargeable battery is integrated with the housing.

Example 9—A surgical system comprising a power source and a surgical instrument configured to receive power from the power source. The surgical instrument comprises a housing, a shaft extending from the housing, an end effector extending from the shaft, and an internal charge accumulator. The housing comprises an electric motor. The end effector is operably coupled to the electric motor. The electric motor is configured to drive the end effector to perform end effector functions. The internal charge accumulator is in electric communication with the power source. The internal charge accumulator is configured to supply power to the electric motor. The internal charge accumulator is chargeable by the power source to a threshold value at a charge rate dependent on a charge level of the internal charge accumulator. The internal charge accumulator is chargeable by the power source while the electric motor is driving the end effector to perform the end effector functions.

Example 10—The surgical system of Example 9, further comprising a control circuit configured to detect the charge level of the internal charge accumulator, wherein detecting a reduction of the charge level to or below a first minimum charge-level causes the control circuit to reduce a maximum velocity limit of the electric motor to a first minimum velocity-limit threshold.

Example 11—The surgical system of Example 10, wherein detecting a reduction of the charge level to or below a second minimum charge-level below the first minimum charge-level causes the control circuit to reduce a maximum velocity limit of the electric motor to a second minimum velocity-limit threshold less than the first minimum velocity-limit threshold.

Example 12—The surgical system of Example 11, wherein detecting a reduction of the charge level to or below a third minimum charge-level below the second minimum charge-level causes the control circuit to stop the electric motor.

Example 13—The surgical system of Example 12, wherein the control circuit is configured to prevent reactivation of the electric motor until the charge level of the internal charge accumulator is at or above the third minimum charge-level.

Example 14—The surgical system of Examples 9, 10, 11, 12, or 13, wherein the power source supplies power to the internal charge accumulator at a constant rate when the charge level of the internal charge accumulator is below the threshold value while the electric motor is drawing power from the internal charge accumulator.

Example 15—The surgical instrument of Examples 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14, wherein the end effector comprises a first jaw comprising an electrode and a second jaw, and wherein the power source is configured to supply a first power to the surgical instrument to cause the electrode to cauterize tissue captured between the first jaw and the second jaw while supplying a second power to the surgical instrument to charge the internal charge accumulator.

Example 16—The surgical instrument of Examples 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, wherein the internal charge accumulator comprises a rechargeable battery.

Example 17—The surgical instrument of Examples 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16, wherein the power source is a disposable battery.

Example 18—A surgical instrument comprising a housing, a shaft extending from the housing, an end effector extending from the shaft, and a power supply. The housing comprises an electric motor and an internal charge accumulator connected to the electric motor. The electric motor is configured to cause the end effector to perform end effector functions. The power supply assembly is connectable to two separate power sources. The power supply assembly is configured to separately receive a first power and a second power from the power sources. The power supply assembly is configured to route the second power to the internal charge accumulator. The power supply assembly is configured to route the first power to the electric motor and to the internal charge accumulator. The power supply assembly is configured to cause the electric motor to be simultaneously powered by the internal charge accumulator and the first power.

Example 19—The surgical instrument of Example 18, wherein the internal charge accumulator and the first power are configured to cause the electric motor to produce a first motor torque greater than a second motor torque caused by either one of the internal charge accumulator and the first power alone.

Example 20—The surgical instrument of Examples 18 or 19, wherein the internal charge accumulator comprises a rechargeable battery.

While several forms have been illustrated and described, it is not the intention of Applicant to restrict or limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Numerous modifications, variations, changes, substitutions, combinations, and equivalents to those forms may be implemented and will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, the structure of each element associated with the described forms can be alternatively described as a means for providing the function performed by the element. Also, where materials are disclosed for certain components, other materials may be used. It is therefore to be understood that the foregoing description and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, combinations, and variations as falling within the scope of the disclosed forms. The appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, variations, changes, substitutions, modifications, and equivalents.

The foregoing detailed description has set forth various forms of the devices and/or processes via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will be understood by those within the art that each function and/or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the forms disclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be equivalently implemented in integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for the software and or firmware would be well within the skill of one of skill in the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein are capable of being distributed as one or more program products in a variety of forms, and that an illustrative form of the subject matter described herein applies regardless of the particular type of signal bearing medium used to actually carry out the distribution.

Instructions used to program logic to perform various disclosed aspects can be stored within a memory in the system, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), cache, flash memory, or other storage. Furthermore, the instructions can be distributed via a network or by way of other computer readable media. Thus a machine-readable medium may include any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer), but is not limited to, floppy diskettes, optical disks, compact disc, read-only memory (CD-ROMs), and magneto-optical disks, read-only memory (ROMs), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic or optical cards, flash memory, or a tangible, machine-readable storage used in the transmission of information over the Internet via electrical, optical, acoustical or other forms of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.). Accordingly, the non-transitory computer-readable medium includes any type of tangible machine-readable medium suitable for storing or transmitting electronic instructions or information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).

As used in any aspect herein, the term “control circuit” may refer to, for example, hardwired circuitry, programmable circuitry (e.g., a computer processor including one or more individual instruction processing cores, processing unit, processor, microcontroller, microcontroller unit, controller, digital signal processor (DSP), programmable logic device (PLD), programmable logic array (PLA), or field programmable gate array (FPGA)), state machine circuitry, firmware that stores instructions executed by programmable circuitry, and any combination thereof. The control circuit may, collectively or individually, be embodied as circuitry that forms part of a larger system, for example, an integrated circuit (IC), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system on-chip (SoC), desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, servers, smart phones, etc. Accordingly, as used herein “control circuit” includes, but is not limited to, electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electrical circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one application specific integrated circuit, electrical circuitry forming a general purpose computing device configured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computer configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forming a memory device (e.g., forms of random access memory), and/or electrical circuitry forming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communications switch, or optical-electrical equipment). Those having skill in the art will recognize that the subject matter described herein may be implemented in an analog or digital fashion or some combination thereof.

As used in any aspect herein, the term “logic” may refer to an app, software, firmware and/or circuitry configured to perform any of the aforementioned operations. Software may be embodied as a software package, code, instructions, instruction sets and/or data recorded on non-transitory computer readable storage medium. Firmware may be embodied as code, instructions or instruction sets and/or data that are hard-coded (e.g., nonvolatile) in memory devices.

As used in any aspect herein, the terms “component,” “system,” “module” and the like can refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution.

As used in any aspect herein, an “algorithm” refers to a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result, where a “step” refers to a manipulation of physical quantities and/or logic states which may, though need not necessarily, take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It is common usage to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. These and similar terms may be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities and/or states.

A network may include a packet switched network. The communication devices may be capable of communicating with each other using a selected packet switched network communications protocol. One example communications protocol may include an Ethernet communications protocol which may be capable permitting communication using a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The Ethernet protocol may comply or be compatible with the Ethernet standard published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) titled “IEEE 802.3 Standard”, published in December, 2008 and/or later versions of this standard. Alternatively or additionally, the communication devices may be capable of communicating with each other using an X.25 communications protocol. The X.25 communications protocol may comply or be compatible with a standard promulgated by the International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). Alternatively or additionally, the communication devices may be capable of communicating with each other using a frame relay communications protocol. The frame relay communications protocol may comply or be compatible with a standard promulgated by Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT) and/or the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Alternatively or additionally, the transceivers may be capable of communicating with each other using an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) communications protocol. The ATM communications protocol may comply or be compatible with an ATM standard published by the ATM Forum titled “ATM-MPLS Network Interworking 2.0” published August 2001, and/or later versions of this standard. Of course, different and/or after-developed connection-oriented network communication protocols are equally contemplated herein.

Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the foregoing disclosure, it is appreciated that, throughout the foregoing disclosure, discussions using terms such as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining,” “displaying,” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.

One or more components may be referred to herein as “configured to,” “configurable to,” “operable/operative to,” “adapted/adaptable,” “able to,” “conformable/conformed to,” etc. Those skilled in the art will recognize that “configured to” can generally encompass active-state components and/or inactive-state components and/or standby-state components, unless context requires otherwise.

The terms “proximal” and “distal” are used herein with reference to a clinician manipulating the handle portion of the surgical instrument. The term “proximal” refers to the portion closest to the clinician and the term “distal” refers to the portion located away from the clinician. It will be further appreciated that, for convenience and clarity, spatial terms such as “vertical”, “horizontal”, “up”, and “down” may be used herein with respect to the drawings. However, surgical instruments are used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting and/or absolute.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to claims containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations.

In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that typically a disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms unless context dictates otherwise. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be typically understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”

With respect to the appended claims, those skilled in the art will appreciate that recited operations therein may generally be performed in any order. Also, although various operational flow diagrams are presented in a sequence(s), it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently. Examples of such alternate orderings may include overlapping, interleaved, interrupted, reordered, incremental, preparatory, supplemental, simultaneous, reverse, or other variant orderings, unless context dictates otherwise. Furthermore, terms like “responsive to,” “related to,” or other past-tense adjectives are generally not intended to exclude such variants, unless context dictates otherwise.

It is worthy to note that any reference to “one aspect,” “an aspect,” “an exemplification,” “one exemplification,” and the like means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the aspect is included in at least one aspect. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one aspect,” “in an aspect,” “in an exemplification,” and “in one exemplification” in various places throughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same aspect. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more aspects.

In this specification, unless otherwise indicated, terms “about” or “approximately” as used in the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, means an acceptable error for a particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which depends in part on how the value is measured or determined. In certain embodiments, the term “about” or “approximately” means within 1, 2, 3, or 4 standard deviations. In certain embodiments, the term “about” or “approximately” means within 50%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0.05% of a given value or range.

In this specification, unless otherwise indicated, all numerical parameters are to be understood as being prefaced and modified in all instances by the term “about,” in which the numerical parameters possess the inherent variability characteristic of the underlying measurement techniques used to determine the numerical value of the parameter. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter described herein should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

Any numerical range recited herein includes all sub-ranges subsumed within the recited range. For example, a range of “1 to 10” includes all sub-ranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1 and the recited maximum value of 10, that is, having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10. Also, all ranges recited herein are inclusive of the end points of the recited ranges. For example, a range of “1 to 10” includes the end points 1 and 10. Any maximum numerical limitation recited in this specification is intended to include all lower numerical limitations subsumed therein, and any minimum numerical limitation recited in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limitations subsumed therein. Accordingly, Applicant reserves the right to amend this specification, including the claims, to expressly recite any sub-range subsumed within the ranges expressly recited. All such ranges are inherently described in this specification.

Any patent application, patent, non-patent publication, or other disclosure material referred to in this specification and/or listed in any Application Data Sheet is incorporated by reference herein, to the extent that the incorporated materials is not inconsistent herewith. As such, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure as explicitly set forth herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference. Any material, or portion thereof, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein, but which conflicts with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth herein will only be incorporated to the extent that no conflict arises between that incorporated material and the existing disclosure material.

In summary, numerous benefits have been described which result from employing the concepts described herein. The foregoing description of the one or more forms has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting to the precise form disclosed. Modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The one or more forms were chosen and described in order to illustrate principles and practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the various forms and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the claims submitted herewith define the overall scope. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A surgical system, comprising: a generator; and a surgical instrument configured to receive power from the generator, wherein the surgical instrument comprises: a housing comprising an electric motor; a shaft extending from the housing, wherein the shaft defines a longitudinal shaft axis; an end effector extending from the shaft and operably responsive to actuations from the electric motor, wherein the end effector is transitionable between an open configuration and a closed configuration, wherein the end effector is rotatable relative to the longitudinal shaft axis about an articulation axis that is transverse to the longitudinal shaft axis, and wherein the generator is incapable of supplying a sufficient power directly to the electric motor to cause the electric motor to perform the actuations; and an internal charge accumulator in electric communication with the generator, wherein the internal charge accumulator is configured to supply power to the electric motor, wherein the internal charge accumulator is chargeable by the generator to a threshold value at a charge rate dependent on a charge level of the internal charge accumulator, and wherein the charge rate is independent of a charge expenditure by the surgical instrument.
 2. The surgical system of claim 1, wherein the generator is configured to charge the internal charge accumulator during the charge expenditure.
 3. The surgical system of claim 1, wherein the generator supplies power to the internal charge accumulator at a constant rate when the charge level of the internal charge accumulator is below the threshold value while the electric motor is drawing power from the internal charge accumulator.
 4. The surgical system of claim 1, wherein the speed of the electric motor is permitted to reach a maximum speed when the charge level of the internal charge accumulator is above a predetermined minimum level.
 5. The surgical system of claim 4, wherein the speed of the electric motor is limited to a reduced speed when the charge level of the internal charge accumulator is below the predetermined minimum level.
 6. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the end effector comprises a first jaw comprising an electrode and a second jaw, and wherein the generator is configured to supply a first power to the surgical instrument to cause the electrode to cauterize tissue captured between the first jaw and the second jaw while supplying a second power to the surgical instrument to charge the internal charge accumulator.
 7. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the internal charge accumulator comprises a rechargeable battery.
 8. The surgical instrument of claim 7, wherein the rechargeable battery is integrated with the housing.
 9. A surgical system, comprising: a power source; and a surgical instrument configured to receive power from the power source, wherein the surgical instrument comprises: a housing comprising an electric motor; a shaft extending from the housing; an end effector extending from the shaft, wherein the end effector is operably coupled to the electric motor, and wherein the electric motor is configured to drive the end effector to perform end effector functions; and an internal charge accumulator in electric communication with the power source, wherein the internal charge accumulator is configured to supply power to the electric motor, wherein the internal charge accumulator is chargeable by the power source to a threshold value at a charge rate dependent on a charge level of the internal charge accumulator, and wherein the internal charge accumulator is chargeable by the power source while the electric motor is driving the end effector to perform the end effector functions.
 10. The surgical system of claim 9, further comprising a control circuit configured to detect the charge level of the internal charge accumulator, wherein detecting a reduction of the charge level to or below a first minimum charge-level causes the control circuit to reduce a maximum velocity limit of the electric motor to a first minimum velocity-limit threshold.
 11. The surgical system of claim 10, wherein detecting a reduction of the charge level to or below a second minimum charge-level below the first minimum charge-level causes the control circuit to reduce a maximum velocity limit of the electric motor to a second minimum velocity-limit threshold less than the first minimum velocity-limit threshold.
 12. The surgical system of claim 11, wherein detecting a reduction of the charge level to or below a third minimum charge-level below the second minimum charge-level causes the control circuit to stop the electric motor.
 13. The surgical system of claim 12, wherein the control circuit is configured to prevent reactivation of the electric motor until the charge level of the internal charge accumulator is at or above the third minimum charge-level.
 14. The surgical system of claim 9, wherein the power source supplies power to the internal charge accumulator at a constant rate when the charge level of the internal charge accumulator is below the threshold value while the electric motor is drawing power from the internal charge accumulator.
 15. The surgical instrument of claim 9, wherein the end effector comprises a first jaw comprising an electrode and a second jaw, and wherein the power source is configured to supply a first power to the surgical instrument to cause the electrode to cauterize tissue captured between the first jaw and the second jaw while supplying a second power to the surgical instrument to charge the internal charge accumulator.
 16. The surgical instrument of claim 9, wherein the internal charge accumulator comprises a rechargeable battery.
 17. The surgical instrument of claim 15, wherein the power source is a disposable battery.
 18. A surgical instrument, comprising: a housing comprising: an electric motor; and an internal charge accumulator connected to the electric motor; a shaft extending from the housing; an end effector extending from the shaft, wherein the electric motor is configured to cause the end effector to perform end effector functions; and a power supply assembly connectable to two separate power sources, wherein the power supply assembly is configured to separately receive a first power and a second power from the power sources, wherein the power supply assembly is configured to route the second power to the internal charge accumulator, wherein the power supply assembly is configured to route the first power to the electric motor and to the internal charge accumulator, and wherein the power supply assembly is configured to cause the electric motor to be simultaneously powered by the internal charge accumulator and the first power.
 19. The surgical instrument of claim 18, wherein the internal charge accumulator and the first power are configured to cause the electric motor to produce a first motor torque greater than a second motor torque caused by either one of the internal charge accumulator and the first power alone.
 20. The surgical instrument of claim 19, wherein the internal charge accumulator comprises a rechargeable battery. 